Data-Driven Clustering of Plantar Thermal Patterns in Healthy Individuals: An Insole-Based Approach to Foot Health Monitoring.

Monitoring plantar foot temperatures is essential for assessing foot health, particularly in individuals with diabetes at increased risk of complications. Traditional thermographic imaging measures foot temperatures in unshod individuals lying down, which may not reflect thermal characteristics of feet in shod, active, real-world conditions. These controlled settings limit understanding of dynamic foot temperatures during daily activities.