External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs.

Objectives: To characterize anatomic variants of the external ear canal (EAC), specifically canal wall overhangs. EAC overhangs are problematic since they obstruct the view of the tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear, possibly creating diagnostic and surgical difficulties.

Methods: We reviewed pre-operative temporal bone CTs from children with cholesteatoma, and no history of EAC erosion or surgery.

Paravertebral Nerve Block for Donor Site Pain in Stage I Microtia Reconstruction: A Pilot Study.

Acute Interventional Perioperative Pain Service consultants have routinely placed paravertebral nerve block (PVB) catheters for the continuous release of ropivacaine following stage I microtia reconstruction with costal cartilage graft at our institution since 2010. A retrospective chart review from July 2006 was performed to compare the length of hospital stay, median pain score (0-10 scale), and opioid use of patients receiving PVB with those of historical controls. Statistical analysis included t, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher's exact tests.

The role of tympanostomy tubes in surgery for acquired retraction pocket cholesteatoma.

Objective: 1. To determine whether intraoperative tympanostomy tubes (TT) during surgery for acquired retraction pocket cholesteatoma (ARPC) can decrease recurrence of ARPC and retraction pockets (RP). 2.

Acetaminophen plus ibuprofen versus opioids for treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain in children.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen in treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain compared to acetaminophen plus opioids in children.

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Setting: Tertiary-care children's hospital between September 2012 and March 2013.

Coexistence of dermal sinus tract, dermoid cyst, and encephalocele in a patient presenting with nasal cellulitis.

Dermoid cysts, encephaloceles, and dermal sinus tracts represent abnormalities that develop during the process of embryogenesis. The elucidation of the precise timing of formation for these malformations has remained elusive at the molecular level of study. Yet, clinical experience has demonstrated that these malformations do not all occur in the same patient, suggesting a shared pathway that goes awry at distinct points for different patients, resulting in 1 of the 3 malformations.

Anatomic variants on computed tomography in congenital aural atresia.

Objective: To report the prevalence of anatomic variants on computed tomography (CT) in congenital aural atresia (CAA) and external auditory canal stenosis (EACS). Anatomic variants included inferiorly displaced/obstructing tegmen mastoideum, malleus-incus complex (MIC) directly lateral to stapes, facial nerve obstruction of oval window (OW) or middle ear, and incudostapedial joint (ISJ) angle.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Congenital cholesteatoma: predictors for residual disease and hearing outcomes.

Objective: To determine predictive factors for residual disease and hearing outcomes of surgery for congenital cholesteatoma (CC).

Design: Retrospective record review of surgery for CC from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2010. The initial extent of CC was staged using the system as defined by Potsic et al.

Persistent alternobaric vertigo at ground level.

We recently encountered a 15-year-old female with bilateral tympanostomy tubes who manifested persistent severe vertigo, at ground level, secondary to a unilateral middle-ear pressure of +200 mm H(2)O elicited by an obstructed tympanostomy tube in the presence of chronic nasal obstruction. We believe this is a previously unreported scenario in which closed-nose swallowing insufflated air into her middle ears, resulting in sustained positive middle-ear pressure in the ear with the obstructed tube. Swallowing, when the nose is obstructed, can result in abnormal negative or positive pressures in the middle ear, which has been termed the Toynbee phenomenon.

Prospective blinded study of computed tomography in congenital aural atresia.

Objective: To report a preliminary descriptive study of new and refined anatomic considerations for computed tomography (CT) in congenital aural atresia (CAA).

Design/patients: Thirty-two temporal bone CT scans from 26 patients (6 bilateral cases) with CAA were graded in a prospective blinded manner with both Jahrsdoerfer's system and the new/refined anatomic considerations. In addition to Jahrsdoerfer's grading, new and refined considerations graded included the presence or absence of: (1) inferiorly displaced tegmen mastoideum, (2) malleus/incus complex directly lateral versus anterolateral to stapes, which may make surgical stapes access much more difficult, and (3) possible facial nerve obstruction of surgical access at two sites: oval window and middle ear.

Congenital external auditory canal stenosis and partial atretic plate.

Objectives: To report outcomes of surgery for severe congenital external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis with or without partial atretic plate (PAP).

Design: Retrospective review.

Subjects: Thirteen patients (18 ears) had surgery for severe EAC stenosis with (n=10, 56%) or without PAP (n=8, 44%).

Combined atresiaplasty and tragal reconstruction for microtia and congenital aural atresia: thesis for the American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society.

Objective: To describe a new technique for combining atresiaplasty with tragal reconstruction by performing the tragal reconstruction with cartilage grafting at the same time as the atresiaplasty for patients with microtia and congenital aural atresia. Hearing and canaloplasty outcomes for this combined technique are reported.

Patients: Patients with aural atresia (n = 19) with (n = 16) or without (n = 3) microtia, and a Jahrsdoerfer grade of 6 or higher.

Outcomes studies of epiglottic and base of tongue prolapse in children.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare previously reported flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) findings of a grading system for children with epiglottic and base of tongue (EBT) prolapse with findings at follow-up FFL. Surgical outcomes and tracheotomy decannulation are also reported.

Study Design: : Retrospective medical record review.

Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy in children: effect of sitting versus supine position.

Currently no standard exists as to the exact technique of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) for children. Our objective was to determine the effects of examination in the sitting versus supine position on upper airway findings during FFL in children using a standardized technique and a grading system. In this prospective study, each child acted as his or her own control.

Synchronous airway lesions and esophagitis in young patients undergoing adenoidectomy.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of synchronous airway lesions and esophagitis in children younger than 18 months undergoing adenoidectomy for adenoid hypertrophy and upper airway obstruction.

Design: Retrospective review spanning 4.5 years.

Bone anchored hearing aid in children--prevention of complications.

To report results with the bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) in children. Retrospective medical record review. Tertiary care children's hospital.

Epiglottic and base-of-tongue prolapse in children: grading and management.

Objectives: A distinct entity of airway obstruction from epiglottic and base-of-tongue (EBT) prolapse in the pediatric population is defined. Laryngopharyngeal findings, swallowing dysfunction, and gastroesophageal reflux disease are described in a group of children with EBT prolapse. A new grading system is also presented.

Lack of association between esophageal biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and endoscopy findings in hoarse children.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of esophagitis (based on esophageal biopsy results) and aspiration (based on bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL]) in children with hoarseness.

Design: Retrospective medical chart review spanning 24 months of 127 consecutive children (mean age, 6.9 years; range, 1.