International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) survey: Efforts to avoid complications in home tracheostomy care.

Objective: To provide guidance for home care tracheostomy management in the pediatric population. The mission of the IPOG is to develop expertise-based recommendations for the management of pediatric otolaryngologic disorders with the goal of improving patient care.

Methods: Survey of expert opinion by the members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG).

Evaluation and management of pediatric nasal obstruction: A survey of practice patterns.

Background: Inferior turbinate (IT) hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy are both causes of pediatric nasal obstruction.

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to study nasal obstruction evaluation and management among pediatric otolaryngologists with respect to IT and adenoid hypertrophy.

Methods: A questionnaire with embedded clinical videos was sent electronically to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members.

Histopathological effect of balloon dilation in a live rabbit: Implications for the pediatric airway.

Objective/hypothesis: To examine the short- and long-term histopathologic changes that occur in the subglottis in response to airway balloon dilation (ABD) with different balloon diameters and inflation pressures.

Study Design: Prospective animal study using forty-two 8-month old New Zealand white rabbits at an academic animal research facility.

Methods: Thirty-nine live New Zealand rabbits underwent a single ABD with diameters ranging from 6.

Iatrogenic velopharyngeal insufficiency caused by neonatal nasogastric feeding tube.

Complications from a prolonged nasogastric tube intubation, though seldom reported, are well described. Herein we describe the first two reported cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency secondary to velopharyngeal scarring and immobility from repetitive nasogastric tube insertions and prolonged use. Differing only in location, the proposed pathophysiologic mechanism of injury is identical to that of the nasogastric tube syndrome, a rare and serious, well described entity consisting of bilateral vocal fold paralysis due to pressure-induced ulceration of the posterior cricoarytenoid musculature.

Feasibility and mortality of airway balloon dilation in a live rabbit model.

Importance: Endoscopic balloon dilation is commonly performed in children with airway stenosis, but guidelines are needed for selecting safe and effective balloon inflation parameters.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and safety of airway balloon dilation in live rabbits using a range of balloon diameters and pressures.

Design And Setting: Prospective animal study using 32 adult New Zealand white rabbits with 1-week follow-up performed at an academic animal research facility.

Floor of mouth masses in children: proposal of a new algorithm.

Objective: Many surgical techniques have been described to manage floor of mouth masses, but few studies have described the approach to these masses in children. This case series summarizes a single institution's experience with pediatric floor of mouth masses.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all children who presented at our tertiary care facility with FOM masses between 2007 and 2012.

Factors contributing to cost in partial versus total tonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine differences between total tonsillectomy and partial intracapsular tonsillectomy techniques that may lead to differences in overall cost and resource utilization between these procedures. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management and outcome factors were examined.

Study Design: Retrospective review at two university-based tertiary care hospitals from January 2007 to June 2010.

Endotracheal nitinol stents: lessons from the learning curve.

Objective: To reflect on lessons learned placing endotracheal nitinol stents in children.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Endoscopic posterior cricoid split and costal cartilage graft placement in children.

Objectives: To review a multi-institutional experience using endoscopic posterior cricoid split and costal cartilage graft (EPCSCG) placement in the management of pediatric bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), and subglottic stenosis (SGS).

Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary medical centers.

Age-related tonsillar regrowth in children undergoing powered intracapsular tonsillectomy.

Objectives: To review our experience with intracapsular tonsillectomy using powered instrumentation (PIT) in the management of tonsillar hypertrophy.

Design: Retrospective database review of pediatric patients undergoing PIT.

Methods: The medical records of 636 patients under 11 years of age who underwent PIT performed by the senior author (RFW), predominantly for obstructive sleep disturbance, were reviewed.

A pilot study of balloon dilation in an animal model resulting in cricoid cartilage fracture: implications for the stenotic pediatric airway.

Objective: Endoscopic balloon dilation is increasingly popular as primary therapy for infants with subglottic stenosis. We aim to determine the maximum balloon diameter and pressure where no fracture of the cricoid would occur, minimum balloon size and pressures where a gross fracture of the cricoid occurs, and location of these fractures. We tested these objectives by performing balloon dilation in laryngotracheal complexes of eight euthanized adult male New Zealand white rabbits, with airway characteristics similar to a 3- to 9-month-old infant.

Sialodochostomy as treatment for imperforate submandibular duct: a systematic literature review and report of two cases.

Objective: To better understand the diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes of congenitally imperforate salivary ducts.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the following terms: imperforate submandibular duct, imperforate Wharton's duct, congenital atresia submandibular duct, congenital atresia sublingual duct, and congenital ranula. Only papers focusing on congenital floor of mouth cysts arising from imperforate salivary ducts were included.

Minimally invasive techniques in laryngotracheal reconstruction.

The treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis has evolved over the past several decades. Advances in technology, equipment and medication have increased our ability to treat some airway stenosis in a minimally invasive manner, and at times by an endoscopic method. With improved precision, our results with postoperative voice and swallowing should improve.

Recurrent periorbital cellulitis: an unusual clinical entity.

Objectives: To discuss the cause and management of recurrent periorbital cellulitis (RPOC).

Study Design: Retrospective case series and review of literature.

Materials And Methods: In the past 11 years, we have treated 6 patients for recurrent periorbital cellulitis (RPOC).

Safety and efficacy of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy in children: a multi-center retrospective case series.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy (PIT, e.g. regrowth rate) in children who underwent PIT at three different institutions.

Ambulatory powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children younger than 3 years.

Objectives: (1) To assess the safety and efficacy of outpatient intracapsular tonsillectomy, which has been recently described as a less invasive means of treating obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy, in children younger than 3 years; and (2) to challenge the standard dictum that children younger than 3 years should be admitted to the hospital after tonsil and adenoid surgery.

Design: Retrospective cohort study via medical chart review and telephone interview.

Setting: Pediatric otolaryngology group practice with academic affiliation.

Complications of microdebrider-assisted powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Objectives: To study complications of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (PITA) in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review and long-term follow-up in office or by telephone interview.

Methods: We studied 278 patients who underwent PITA between September 2000 and October 2002.

Fourth branchial complex anomalies: a case series.

Objective: Anomalies of the fourth branchial arch complex are exceedingly rare, with approximately forty cases reported in the literature since 1972. The authors report experience with six fourth arch anomalies.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of six consecutive patients presenting to the pediatric otolaryngology service at a tertiary care center with anomalies referable to the fourth branchial arch.

Endoscopically placed nitinol stents for pediatric tracheal obstruction.

Objective: To provide preliminary clinical data regarding endoscopically placed nitinol stents for children with tracheal obstruction as a temporizing measure to allow for trach tube decannulation while awaiting growth to allow for tracheal resection.

Methods: This case series describes the experiences of two children (ages 5 and 15) who were dependent upon tracheotomy because of acquired tracheal obstruction. Both patients had combined tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis.

Clear-Cell Follicular Adenoma of Ectopic Thyroid in the Submandibular Region.

A case of clear-cell follicular adenoma arising in ectopic thyroid tissue is reported. The 2.0-cm tumor arose in the submandibular region in a 29-yr-old female.

Topical mitomycin as an adjunct to choanal atresia repair.

Objective: To evaluate the use of topical mitomycin in choanal atresia repair to reduce the development of granulation tissue and cicatrix.

Design And Setting: Retrospective case series in 2 tertiary care centers.

Patients: Twenty patients with either unilateral or bilateral congenital choanal atresia underwent repair using the transnasal endoscopic approach, the transpalatal approach, or both.