High-risk human papillomavirus and ZEB1 in ocular adnexal sebaceous carcinoma.

Background: Ocular adnexal (OA) sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy. Oncologic drivers of ocular sebaceous carcinoma are incompletely understood.

Methods: A retrospective search of our pathology archives for OA sebaceous carcinoma identified 18 primary resection specimens.

An evaluation of the National Institutes of Health Early Stage Investigator policy: Using existing data to evaluate federal policy.

To assist new scientists in the transition to independent research careers, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) implemented an Early Stage Investigator (ESI) policy beginning with applications submitted in 2009. During the review process, the ESI designation segregates applications submitted by investigators who are within 10 years of completing their terminal degree or medical residency from applications submitted by more experienced investigators. Institutes/centers can then give special consideration to ESI applications when making funding decisions.

Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma: A study of 11 cases with molecular analysis.

Background: Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low-grade adnexal neoplasm that most commonly involves the eyelid. Analogous to solid papillary carcinoma of the breast, it probably represents a precursor lesion to mucinous carcinoma. Here, we describe 11 cases of EMPSGC with molecular analysis.

Prognostic Role of BRAF Cellular Localization in Melanoma.

Background: Approximately half of cutaneous melanoma tissues harbor BRAF mutations, resulting in a constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport machinery is dysregulated in neoplastic cells and alters the key regulatory proteins that can lead to tumor progression and drug resistance. The significance of nuclear localization of BRAF has not been fully understood.

Metadherin Expression is Associated with Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

Background: Metadherin (MTDH) is widely recognized as a promising molecular marker for tumor recurrence and poor survival in many cancers. By multiple pathways, MTDH promotes oncogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This study investigated the role of MTDH in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to determine its potential association with aggressive clinical and pathologic features, including its relation in tumors harboring a BRAF (V600E) mutation.

The novel therapeutic effect of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ inhibitor AS605240 in autoimmune diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains a major health problem worldwide, with a steadily rising incidence yet no cure. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ), a member of a family of lipid kinases expressed primarily in leukocytes, has been the subject of substantial research for its role in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of PI3Kγ inhibition in suppressing autoimmune T1D remains to be explored.

Congenic mesenchymal stem cell therapy reverses hyperglycemia in experimental type 1 diabetes.

Objective: A number of clinical trials are underway to test whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating various diseases, including type 1 diabetes. Although this cell therapy holds great promise, the optimal source of MSCs has yet to be determined with respect to major histocompatibility complex matching. Here, we examine this question by testing the ability of congenic MSCs, obtained from the NOR mouse strain, to reverse recent-onset type 1 diabetes in NOD mice, as well as determine the immunomodulatory effects of NOR MSCs in vivo.