Changes in Healthcare Professionals' Practice Behaviors Through an Educational Intervention Targeting Weight Bias.

Objective: Weight bias is pervasive in healthcare and leads to worse patient outcomes. A uniquely designed 4-h continuing medical education (CME) intervention was assessed for changing healthcare professionals' (HCPs') weight biases and clinical practice behaviors.

Design: The intervention used a (1) pre/post design examining CME attendees' self-reported weight bias at baseline, after, and 4- and 12-month follow-up, and (2) post/post design examining obesity practice behaviors 12 months after intervention in attendees and non-attendees.

Decline in Isotope Dilution Space Ratio Above Age 60 Could Affect Energy Estimates Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method.

Background: Doubly labeled water is gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE). Measurements using the method are sensitive to the isotope dilution space ratio (DSR). Accuracy and precision of the method might be improved if we could identify factors influencing DSR.

Psychiatric Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Management in People Without Known Major Psychopathology: Post Hoc Analysis of the STEP 1, 2, 3, and 5 Trials.

Importance: Obesity is associated with numerous psychosocial complications, making psychiatric safety a consideration for treating people with obesity. Few studies have investigated the psychiatric safety of newly available antiobesity medications.

Objective: To evaluate the psychiatric safety of subcutaneous semaglutide, 2.

Medications for Obesity: A Review.

Importance: Obesity affects approximately 19% of women and 14% of men worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. Antiobesity medications (AOMs) modify biological processes that affect appetite and significantly improve outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Observations: AOMs should be administered in combination with lifestyle interventions and can be classified according to their mechanisms of action.

Effect of Semaglutide on Regression and Progression of Glycemia in People With Overweight or Obesity but Without Diabetes in the SELECT Trial.

Objective: To determine whether semaglutide slows progression of glycemia in people with cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind trial, participants aged ≥45 years, with BMI ≥27 kg/m2, and with preexisting cardiovascular disease but without diabetes (HbA1c <6.5%) were randomized to receive subcutaneous semaglutide (2.

Long-term weight loss effects of semaglutide in obesity without diabetes in the SELECT trial.

In the SELECT cardiovascular outcomes trial, semaglutide showed a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in 17,604 adults with preexisting cardiovascular disease, overweight or obesity, without diabetes. Here in this prespecified analysis, we examined effects of semaglutide on weight and anthropometric outcomes, safety and tolerability by baseline body mass index (BMI). In patients treated with semaglutide, weight loss continued over 65 weeks and was sustained for up to 4 years.

Healthcare professionals' perceptions and management of obesity & knowledge of glucagon, GLP-1, GIP receptor agonists, and dual agonists.

Background: Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have historically had limited weight-loss efficacy. However, newer glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA)-based therapies seem to be more effective, including dual agonists of GLP-1R and the glucagon receptor (GCGR) or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor.

Objective: To explore healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experience in obesity treatment and their understanding of agonists of GCGR, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) RA, and GLP-1 RA.

A scoping review of obesity education interventions for current and prospective medical professionals in Canada.

Background: Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease in Canada. Individuals living with obesity frequently interact with medical professionals who must be prepared to provide evidence-based and person-centred care options. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize existing educational interventions on obesity in Canada for current and prospective medical professionals and to identify key future directions for practice and research.

Transforming the landscape of obesity education - The Canadian obesity education competencies.

Background: With ongoing gaps in obesity education delivery for health professions in Canada and around the world, a transformative shift is needed to address and mitigate weight bias and stigma, and foster evidence-based approaches to obesity assessment and care in the clinical setting. Obesity Canada has created evidence-based obesity competencies for medical education that can guide curriculum development, assessment and evaluation and be applied to health professionals' education programs in Canada and across the world.

Methods: The Obesity Canada Education Action Team has seventeen members in health professions education and research along with students and patient experts.

Efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg according to antidepressant use at baseline: A post hoc subgroup analysis.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg in people with overweight/obesity who were also being treated with antidepressants (ADs).

Methods: Across the Semaglutide Treatment Effect for People with obesity (STEP) 1-3 and 5 trials, adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2 only) were enrolled.

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes.

Background: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Whether semaglutide can reduce cardiovascular risk associated with overweight and obesity in the absence of diabetes is unknown.

Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, event-driven superiority trial, we enrolled patients 45 years of age or older who had preexisting cardiovascular disease and a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 27 or greater but no history of diabetes.

Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks.

Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure.

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time.

New Frontiers in Obesity Treatment: GLP-1 and Nascent Nutrient-Stimulated Hormone-Based Therapeutics.

Nearly half of Americans are projected to have obesity by 2030, underscoring the pressing need for effective treatments. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) represent the first agents in a rapidly evolving, highly promising landscape of nascent hormone-based obesity therapeutics. With the understanding of the neurobiology of obesity rapidly expanding, these emerging entero-endocrine and endo-pancreatic agents combined or coformulated with GLP-1 RAs herald a new era of targeted, mechanism-based treatment of obesity.

Semaglutide for cardiovascular event reduction in people with overweight or obesity: SELECT study baseline characteristics.

Objective: This paper describes the baseline characteristics of the Semaglutide Effects on Heart Disease and Stroke in Patients with Overweight or Obesity (SELECT) study, one of the largest cardiovascular (CV) outcome studies in the field of obesity, which evaluates the effect of semaglutide versus placebo on major CV events.

Methods: SELECT enrolled individuals with overweight or obesity without diabetes, with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or peripheral artery disease. This study reports participants' baseline characteristics in the full study population and subgroups defined by baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA ; <5.

Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity: Rationale and design of the SURMOUNT clinical development program.

Objective: Obesity is a growing global concern compounded by limited availability of effective treatment options. The SURMOUNT development program aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention compared with placebo on chronic weight management in adults with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m with or without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The SURMOUNT program includes four global phase 3 trials NCT04184622 (SURMOUNT-1), NCT04657003 (SURMOUNT-2), NCT04657016 (SURMOUNT-3), and NCT04660643 (SURMOUNT-4).

Effects of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on C-reactive protein in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1, 2, and 3): Exploratory analyses of three randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials.

Background: Inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. C-reactive protein (CRP), an established biomarker of inflammation, is commonly elevated in people with overweight/obesity.

Methods: STEP 1, 2, and 3 were 68-week, placebo-controlled trials of semaglutide for weight management in participants with overweight/obesity, with (STEP 2) or without (STEP 1 and 3) type 2 diabetes.

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors.

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day.

Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females.

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits.

Development of a telehealth obesity OSCE and reliable checklist for assessment of resident physicians: a pilot study.

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem, yet residents undergo little formal training and assessment in obesity-related care. Given the recent growth of telehealth, physicians must further learn to apply these skills using a virtual platform. Therefore, we aimed to develop an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with reliable checklists to assess resident ability to take a patient-centered obesity-focused history that was feasible over telehealth based on published obesity competencies for medical education.

Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension.

Aim: To explore changes in body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors after treatment withdrawal in the STEP 1 trial extension.

Materials And Methods: STEP 1 (NCT03548935) randomized 1961 adults with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m (or ≥ 27 kg/m with ≥ 1 weight-related co-morbidity) without diabetes to 68 weeks of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg (including 16 weeks of dose escalation) or placebo, as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention.