Dobutamine and Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy for Improving Tissue Oxygenation in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) Flap Breast Reconstruction Surgery: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Breast reconstruction is an integral part of breast cancer care. There are 2 main types of breast reconstruction: alloplastic (using implants) and autologous (using the patient's own tissue). The latter creates a more natural breast mound and avoids the long-term need for surgical revision-more often associated with implant-based surgery.

Conceptions of learning, approaches to studying and personal development in UK higher education.

Background: Students in higher education are known to vary in their conceptions of learning, their approaches to studying, and the personal development and personal change that result.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the relationships among these four aspects of students' experience; to examine whether there were variations across academic subjects and across departments in each subject; and to explore whether there were changes from first year to after graduation.

Sample: Students in the first year and the final year of the undergraduate programmes at 15 departments, five offering each of three subjects: bioscience, business studies, and sociology.

A rapid effect of caffeinated beverages on two choice reaction time tasks.

Though consumers of tea and coffee can report feeling beneficial subjective effects of consumption virtually immediately, tests for objective effects of caffeine immediately post-consumption have been rare. Two experiments examined caffeine's ability to influence reaction time in choice reaction time tasks, using a dose of caffeine typical of a cup of tea or instant coffee, and testing at short post-consumption delays. Two groups of participants were given 60 mg of caffeine, after overnight abstinence, either in a hot tea drink, or a hot water drink.