Publications by authors named "Robert Edinburgh"

Objective: To determine the acute effect of fasted and fed exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release.

Methods: CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomised, crossover studies in healthy individuals that compared the following interventions: (i) fasted exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + Meal], (ii) fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + NoMeal], (iii) fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + Meal], (iv) fed exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + NoMeal]. Studies must have measured ad libitum meal energy intake, within-lab energy intake, 24-h energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger, acyl-ghrelin, peptide YY, and/or glucagon-like peptide 1.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the connection between specific proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and peak fat oxidation rates in men and women during exercise.
  • Findings reveal that proteins involved in triglyceride breakdown and mitochondrial lipid transport in skeletal muscle are more closely linked to fat oxidation than those in adipose tissue, indicating their key role in fat metabolism.
  • Despite women showing higher fat oxidation rates than men, this difference isn’t accounted for by the proteins analyzed, implying other factors play a significant role in sex-related variations in fat metabolism.
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This study explored lifestyle and biological determinants of peak fat oxidation (PFO) during cycle ergometry, using duplicate measures to account for day-to-day variation. Seventy-three healthy adults (age range: 19-63 years; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]: 42.4 [10.

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Nutrition and exercise metabolism are vibrant physiological fields, yet at times it feels as if greater progress could be made by better integrating these disciplines. Exercise is advocated for improving metabolic health, in part by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. However, when a modest-to-high carbohydrate load is consumed before and/or during each exercise bout within a training programme, increases in oral glucose insulin sensitivity can be blunted in both men of a healthy weight and those with overweight/obesity.

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This study assessed the effects of glucose-fructose co-ingestion during recovery from high-intensity rugby training on subsequent performance. Nine professional, senior academy Rugby Union players performed two trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Identical rugby training sessions were separated by a 3-hour recovery period, during which participants ingested protein (0.

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Purpose: Prior studies exploring the reliability of peak fat oxidation (PFO) and the intensity that elicits PFO (FAT) are often limited by small samples. This study characterised the reliability of PFO and FAT in a large cohort of healthy men and women.

Methods: Ninety-nine adults [49 women; age: 35 (11) years; [Formula: see text]Opeak: 42.

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This study investigated metabolic, endocrine, appetite and mood responses to a maximal eating occasion in fourteen men (mean: age 28 (sd 5) years, body mass 77·2 (sd 6·6) kg and BMI 24·2 (sd 2·2) kg/m2) who completed two trials in a randomised crossover design. On each occasion, participants ate a homogenous mixed-macronutrient meal (pizza). On one occasion, they ate until 'comfortably full' (ad libitum) and on the other, until they 'could not eat another bite' (maximal).

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Purpose: Exertional heat stress adversely distrupts (GI) barrier integrity and, through subsequent microbial translocation (MT), negativly impacts health. Despite widespread application, the temporal reliability of popular GI barrier integity and MT biomarkers is poorly characterised.

Method: Fourteen males completed two 80-min exertional heat stress tests (EHST) separated by 7-14 days.

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Background: Few studies have investigated the effect of hydration status on appetite for food in healthy adults. Prior work suggests hydration status does not alter appetite or energy intake, with mixed findings regarding appetite hormone secretion. However, an extensive investigation into both the psychological and physiological appetitive responses to hydration status has never been conducted.

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Context: Pre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness.

Objective: To assess acute and chronic effects of exercise performed before versus after nutrient ingestion on whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization and postprandial glucose metabolism.

Design: (1) Acute, randomized, crossover design (Acute Study); (2) 6-week, randomized, controlled design (Training Study).

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Background: At rest, omission of breakfast lowers daily energy intake, but also lowers energy expenditure, attenuating any effect on energy balance. The effect of breakfast omission on energy balance when exercise is prescribed is unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect on 24-h energy balance of omitting compared with consuming breakfast prior to exercise.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of hydration status on glycemic regulation in healthy adults and explore underlying mechanisms. In this randomized crossover trial, 16 healthy adults (8 men, 8 women) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when hypohydrated and rehydrated after 4 days of pretrial standardization. One day before OGTT, participants were dehydrated for 1 h in a heat tent with subsequent fluid restriction (HYPO) or replacement (RE).

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The aim of this study was to characterize postprandial glucose flux after exercise in the fed versus overnight fasted state and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. In a randomized order, twelve men underwent breakfast-rest [(BR) 3 h semirecumbent], breakfast-exercise [(BE) 2 h semirecumbent before 60 min of cycling (50% peak power output)], and overnight fasted exercise [(FE) as per BE omitting breakfast] trials. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was completed after exercise (after rest on BR).

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New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important obesity/diabetes target, with effects dependent on circulating GLP-1 concentrations. Peripheral tissues extract GLP-1; therefore, sampling venous versus arterialized blood might provide different GLP-1 concentrations. This study examined whether arterialization alters GLP-1 concentrations during fasting and feeding.

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The maximal capacity to utilise fat (peak fat oxidation, PFO) may have implications for health and ultra-endurance performance and is commonly determined by incremental exercise tests employing 3-min stages. However, 3-min stages may be insufficient to attain steady-state gas kinetics, compromising test validity. We assessed whether 4-min stages produce steady-state gas exchange and reliable PFO estimates in adults with peak oxygen consumption < 40 mL·kg·min.

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Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are common measures, but are determined using various blood sampling methods, employed under many different experimental conditions. This study established whether measures of oral glucose tolerance and oral glucose-derived insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity indices; ISI) differ when calculated from venous v. arterialised blood.

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