Implementation of a pharmacist-run telephonic insulin titration service.

Objectives: To describe an insulin titration-by-phone service conducted by pharmacists and to discuss the effects of this service on patient care and outcomes in the first year of its existence.

Setting: An academic family medicine department in which pharmacists practice in nondistributory roles, from March 2009 through March 2010.

Practice Description: Pharmacy services within the department include a chronic disease medication therapy management clinic as well as consultation in various other primary care and specialty clinics.

Demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa: how big will the economic dividend be?

In mid-demographic-transition, many Asian countries enjoyed a large demographic 'dividend': extra economic growth owing to falling dependant/workforce ratios, or slower natural increase, or both. We estimate the dividend, 1985-2025, in sub-Saharan Africa and its populous countries. Dependency and natural increase peaked around 1985, 20 years after Asia.