Biomarker-driven phase 2 umbrella trial study for patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer failing platinum-based chemotherapy.

Background: A high percentage of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases harbor cell cycle-related gene mutations and RICTOR amplification. Based on underlying somatic mutations, the authors have conducted a phase 2 biomarker-driven, multiarm umbrella study.

Methods: The SCLC Umbrella Korea StudiES (SUKSES) is an adaptive platform trial that undergoes continual modification according to the observed outcomes.

BMP4 substitutes for loss of BMP7 during kidney development.

Functional inactivation of divergent bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) causes discrete disturbances during mouse development. BMP4-deficient embryos display mesodermal patterning defects at early post-implantation stages, whereas loss of BMP7 selectively disrupts kidney and eye morphogenesis. Whether these distinct phenotypes simply reflect differences in expression domains, or alternatively intrinsic differences in the signaling properties of these ligands remains unknown.

Pbx1 regulates nephrogenesis and ureteric branching in the developing kidney.

Pbx1 encodes a TALE homeodomain transcription factor that regulates developmental gene expression in a variety of tissues. Loss-of-function studies have demonstrated a critical role for Pbx1 in cellular proliferation and patterning and suggest its involvement in numerous regulatory pathways. In this study, examination of metanephric development in Pbx1(-/-) embryos was conducted to further elucidate Pbx1-dependent processes during organogenesis.