Medical management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Dietary modifications and medical therapy can reduce the risk of urinary stone formation. Using the described stepwise approach, the medical management of stone disease should become a less daunting task for physicians. Unfortunately, the optimal medical and dietary management of urolithiasis remains uncertain and recurrent stone disease remains a significant cause of morbidity.

Sports participation and high grade renal injuries in children.

Purpose: The risk of major renal injury resulting from various forms of sports participation is unknown. Urologists often recommend that children with a solitary kidney avoid contact sports. We reviewed our recent experience with pediatric renal trauma to determine if there is an association between different types of sports activity and high grade renal injury.

Prostate-specific antigen changes in hypogonadal men treated with testosterone replacement.

Testosterone supplementation is commonly used as a treatment for hypogonadal men with or without erectile dysfunction. The effect of parenteral testosterone replacement therapy on the development or growth of prostate cancer is unclear. We assessed the effect of this treatment on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and risk of prostate cancer in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction.

The accuracy of the increased prostate specific antigen level (greater than or equal to 20 ng./ml.) in predicting prostate cancer: is biopsy always required?

Purpose: Urologists are often referred patients who initially present with an extremely high serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. Despite a presumptive diagnosis of prostate cancer, many of these men undergo biopsy to obtain a tissue diagnosis before treatment with androgen ablative therapy. We examined a data base of men undergoing prostate biopsy to determine the accuracy of high PSA levels (greater than or equal to 20 ng.

Distribution of chronic prostatitis in radical prostatectomy specimens with up-regulation of bcl-2 in areas of inflammation.

Purpose: We examined the anatomical relationship of chronic prostatitis with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on the hypothesis that there may be an association of prostatitis with these other entities that may involve up-regulation of bcl-2.

Materials And Methods: We examined 40 whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens for the presence and distribution of chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Immunostaining for bcl-2 was done in 10 cases.