Influences of functional structures on the kinematic behavior of the cervical spine.

Background Context: A few studies have already investigated the influences of functional structures of the cervical spine on its biomechanical behavior. In most studies, this has been done by measuring the range of motion. However, this parameter lacks of qualitative information about the overall kinematic behavior, such as coupled motions or translations.

Comparison of three-dimensional helical axes of the cervical spine between in vitro and in vivo testing.

Background Context: The range of motion is a well-accepted parameter for the assessment and evaluation of cervical motion. However, more qualitative data of the kinematics of the cervical spine are needed for the development and success of cervical disc arthroplasty.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide basic information about helical axes of human cervical spine under in vitro conditions.