Using the Biomechanical Examination to Guide Therapy.

In trying to explain the myriad of foot deformities and symptoms that have slow onset and/or are considered to be overuse syndromes, clinicians have been trying to develop quantitative examinations to describe the cause of the patient's problems and to better individualize treatment modalities. This type of examination is called a biomechanical examination. This article discusses some of the more common portions of a biomechanical examination of the foot and lower extremity.

Survival of Probiotics in Hypromellose Capsules with Rice or Potato Maltodextrin Excipient.

There is currently no authorized or established therapeutic level/dose of probiotics for proposed health benefits; however, a daily probiotic consumption of 10 to 10 CFU has been recommended. This study determined the survival of 5 individual probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis, along with a mixture of the 5 strains in hypromellose capsules with rice or potato maltodextrin at 4, 25, and 37 °C for 12 mo. Samples were collected monthly and plated on deMan-Rogosa Sharpe agar with 0.

Development of a Drinkable, Peanut-Based Dietary Supplement and Comparison of Its Nutritional and Microbiological Qualities with Commercial Products.

This study was undertaken to formulate, using peanuts as a major ingredient, a beverage which will benefit older adults who are at a high risk of protein-energy malnutrition and other health complications, and to compare its nutritional and microbiological qualities to commercial products. Peanuts, rice flour, and flaxseed meal in a ratio of 48.0:49.

The use of nutrient-optimizing/cost-minimizing software to develop ready-to-use therapeutic foods for malnourished pregnant women in Mali.

Malnutrition affects people of all ages in many countries in the developing world. One treatment for malnutrition is the intervention involving ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs). This study developed RUTFs for pregnant women in Mali using formulation computer software and largely local, plant-based ingredients.

Survival of four commercial probiotic mixtures in full fat and reduced fat peanut butter.

A well-documented health benefit of probiotics is their ability to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in young, malnourished children in the developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine whether peanut butter, a nutritious, low-moisture food could be a carrier for probiotics by observing the survivability of selected probiotic mixtures in peanut butter under different storage conditions. Commercial probiotic mixtures (B, U, N and S) comprising of multiple strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and Lactococcus were inoculated into full fat or reduced fat peanut butter at 10(7) CFU/g.

Formulation of a drinkable peanut-based therapeutic food for malnourished children using plant sources.

High ingredient costs continue to hamper local production of therapeutic foods (TFs). Development of formulations without milk, the most expensive ingredient, is one way of reducing cost. This study formulated a ready-to-drink peanut-based TF that matched the nutrient composition of F100 using plant sources.

Survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as influenced by storage conditions and product matrixes.

Mortality resulting from diarrhea especially that occurs in children younger than 5 y of age ranks 3rd among all deaths caused by infectious diseases worldwide. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG are clinically shown to effectively reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children. A food substrate is one of the major factors regulating the colonization of microorganisms in human gastrointestinal tracts.

Three key proteases--angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2 and renin--within and beyond the renin-angiotensin system.

The discovery of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and a (pro)renin receptor has renewed interest in the physiology of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Through the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas counter-regulatory axis, ACE2 balances the vasoconstrictive, proliferative, fibrotic and proinflammatory effects of the ACE/angiotensin II/AT1 axis. The (pro)renin receptor system shows an angiotensin-dependent function related to increased generation of angiotensin I, and an angiotensin-independent aspect related to intracellular signalling.

Inhibition of renin and the (pro)renin receptor system.

Renin is the rate-limiting step of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and can induce hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through the over-activated renin-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin (Ang) II-Ang II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) axis. Prorenin and renin bound to the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] not only increase the catalytic conversion of angiotensinogen (AGT) to Ang I, but also upregulate the expression of profibrotic genes. This review will discuss the inhibition of renin and the (P)RR system pharmacologically and nutritionally.

Changes in selected physical property and enzyme activity of rice and barley koji during fermentation and storage.

Unlabelled: Koji are solid-state fermentation products made by inoculating steamed grains with the spores of fungi, particularly Aspergillus spp. This research was undertaken to identify the fermentation and storage conditions optimal for the production and maintenance of selected hydrolytic enzymes, such as α-amlyase and protease, in koji. Steamed rice and barley were inoculated with 2 × 10 ¹¹ Aspergillus oryzae spores per kilogram of grains and fermented for 118 h in a growth chamber at 28 to 32 °C with controlled relative humidities.

Antibacterial activities of blueberry and muscadine phenolic extracts.

Phenolics are one category of phyto-antimicrobials that refer to the antimicrobial substances extracted from plant sources. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of blueberry and muscadine phenolic extracts on the growths of 2 important foodborne bacterial pathogens, Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. Cells of S.

Purification, activity and sequence of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from alcalase hydrolysate of peanut flour.

Peanut hydrolysate obtained after 6 h of digestion by Alcalase was used to isolate angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. After centrifugation and ultrafiltration through a 0.2 microm nylon filter, the hydrolysate was filtered through the polyethersulfone membrane with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 10 kDa.

Plant food-derived Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides.

Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases that afflict humans. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes the formation of vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, and the inactivation of vasodilator, bradykinin. The influences of ACE on blood pressure make it an ideal target clinically and nutritionally in the treatment of hypertension.

2003 William J. Stickel Gold Award. In vivo forces in the plantar fascia during the stance phase of gait: sequential release of the plantar fascia.

Plantar fasciotomies have become commonplace in podiatric and orthopedic medicine for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. However, several complications have been associated with plantar fascial release. It has been speculated that the cause of these complications is excessive release of the plantar fascia.

Reliability and accuracy of biomechanical measurements of the lower extremities.

The reliability of biomechanical measurements of the lower extremities, as they are commonly used in podiatric practice, was quantified by means of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). This was done not only to evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability but also to provide an estimate for the accuracy of the measurements. The measurement protocol involved 30 asymptomatic subjects and five raters of varying experience.