The effects of flow settings during high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for neonates and young children.

Background: During neonatal and paediatric high-flow nasal cannula therapy, optimising the flow setting is crucial for favourable physiological and clinical outcomes. However, considerable variability exists in clinical practice regarding initial flows and subsequent adjustments for these patients. Our review aimed to summarise the impact of various flows during high-flow nasal cannula treatment in neonates and children.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Reduces Effort of Breathing But Not Consistently via Positive End-Expiratory Pressure.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy reduces the effort of breathing in patients with bronchiolitis, but the mechanisms are not understood. Theorized mechanisms include dead space washout and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) application.

Research Question: What are the mechanisms of action of HFNC therapy in patients with bronchiolitis?

Study Design And Methods: Prospective, single-center study of children 3 years of age or younger with bronchiolitis from January 2020 through March 2021.

Tracheobronchial Foreign Body Aspiration Diagnosed with Electrical Impedance Tomography.

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children has a high morbidity, and early diagnosis is the key for preventing acute and chronic respiratory complications. To diagnose FBA, commonly used imaging modalities have limited negative predictive value, and rigid bronchoscopy remains as the gold standard. We present a case where the diagnosis of FBA was made in a novel way with electrical impedance tomography (EIT).