The anterolateral incision for pilon fracture surgery: an anatomic study of cutaneous blood supply.

The purpose of this study was to examine the blood supply to the adjacent skin and its vulnerability to anterolateral tibial plating performed with fibular plating through a single surgical incision. Ten lightly embalmed cadaver legs without a history of lower extremity trauma or surgery with a mean age of 71 years (range, 57 to 87 years) were used for this investigation. Each specimen was injected with a commercially available silicone compound through the popliteal artery.

Trigeminal nucleus caudalis anatomy: guidance for radiofrequency dorsal root entry zone lesioning.

Object: This study seeks to improve the accuracy of trigeminal nucleus caudalis dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) radiofrequency lesioning by quantifying the size and orientation of the nucleus caudalis.

Methods: Using serial axial photographs of 6 formalin-fixed cadaver brainstems, digital nucleus caudalis measurements were taken at 1-mm intervals from the level of the obex to the C(2) dorsal nerve roots.

Results: From the obex to the C(2) dorsal nerve roots, the nucleus caudalis decreases in width (from 2.

Anatomy and vascularization of the flexor hallucis longus muscle and its implication in free fibula flap transfer: an anatomical study.

Contracture as well as weakness of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) are possible complications following free fibula flap harvest. Possible causes have been related to fibrotic change of the muscle either due to devascularization or compartment-like syndrome after a tight wound closure. This study elucidates the vascularization and nerve supply of the FHL muscle after fibula flap harvest in a fresh cadaver model.

Mapping the columns of the acetabulum--implications for percutaneous fixation.

Knowledge of the bony thickness of the acetabular columns is one requisite for safe execution of percutaneous fixation of acetabular fractures. We performed a cadaveric study to determine anatomical dimensions of the columns of acetabulum with reference to percutaneous screw fixation. Twenty-two hemipelves (11 pairs) from 6 male and 5 female cadavers were measured and statistically analysed.

Outside-in transobturator midurethral sling and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris.

Introduction And Hypothesis: An anatomical study on fresh cadavers was done to determine the vulnerability of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris to injury during "outside-in" transobturator sling procedures.

Methods: The dorsal nerve of the clitoris was identified bilaterally in ten fresh cadavers. Transfixing needles marked the inferomedial border of the obturator foramen.

Anterior transposition of the radial nerve--a cadaveric study.

Objective: The radial nerve is at risk during the posterior plating of the humerus. The purpose of this anatomic study was to assess the extent of radial nerve dissection required for anterior transposition through the fracture site (transfracture anterior transposition).

Methods: A cadaver study was conducted approaching the humerus by a posterior midline incision.

The inguinal ligament and its lateral attachments: correcting an anatomical error.

The inguinal portions of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles are generally described as arising from the inguinal ligament. Previous authors have shown that this description is incorrect. A new dissection study in 15 lightly embalmed cadavers confirms that in reality the inguinal portions of these muscles arise from a thickened strip of ilipsoas fascia that forms the superolateral part of the ilio-pectineal arch.

The cutaneous arteries of the anterior abdominal wall: a three-dimensional study.

Background: Abdominal perforator flaps represent a natural progression in the quest to minimize abdominal wall morbidity. Their one disadvantage is the significant rate of vascular complications to which they are subject in some series. The authors examined the vascular anatomy of the abdominal integument, to determine why such complications occur and how they may be prevented.

Scapular thickness--implications for fracture fixation.

The purpose of this study was to measure and map scapula osseous thickness to identify the optimal areas for internal fixation. Eighteen (9 pairs) scapulae from 2 female and 7 male cadavers were used. After harvest and removal of all soft tissues, standardized measurement lines were made based on anatomic landmarks.

Three-dimensional CT angiography: a new technique for imaging microvascular anatomy.

To date there has been no satisfactory research method for imaging microvascular anatomy in three dimensions (3D). In this article we present a new technique that allows both qualitative and quantitative examination of the microvasculature in 3D. In 10 fresh cadavers (7 females, 3 males, mean age 68 years), selected arteries supplying the abdominal wall and back were injected with a lead oxide/gelatin contrast mixture.

Determining the relationship of the axillary nerve to the shoulder joint capsule from an arthroscopic perspective.

Background: The axillary nerve is out of the field of view during shoulder arthroscopy, but certain procedures require manipulation of capsular tissue that can threaten the function or integrity of the nerve. We studied fresh cadavers to identify the course of the axillary nerve in relation to the glenoid rim from an intra-articular perspective and to determine how close the nerve travels in relation to the glenoid rim and the inferior glenohumeral ligament.

Methods: We dissected nine whole-body fresh-tissue shoulder joints and exposed the axillary nerve through a window in the inferior glenohumeral ligament.

Anatomical evidence for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man.

The accessory nerve is conventionally described as having a cranial and spinal root. According to standard descriptions the cranial root (or part) is formed by rootlets that emerge from the medulla between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. These rootlets are considered to join the spinal root, travel with it briefly, then separate within the jugular foramen to become part of the vagus nerve.