Social Support, Relationship Power, and Knowledge of HIV+ Serostatus in Sexual Risk Behavior Among Women in Psychiatric Treatment.

This study examined social support, perceived relationship power, and knowledge of HIV+ serostatus in relation to frequency of unprotected sex acts and number of partners among women with comorbid psychiatric illness receiving treatment. Data were drawn from an initial assessment of participants enrolled in an HIV risk reduction intervention (N = 284), and two generalized linear models were used to examine the potential associations. Relationship power was significantly associated with fewer unprotected sex acts.

Psychopathology Subgroups and HIV Risk Among Women in Psychiatric Treatment.

Among individuals with mental illness, the HIV infection rate is generally found to be substantially higher than in the general population. Understanding dimensions or subtypes of psychopathology linked with HIV risk behavior may enable development of targeted interventions to reduce HIV transmission. This study identified subgroups of women (n = 243) receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment based upon cluster analysis of indices of personality disorder and clinical symptom syndromes.

HIV risk behavior and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology among adolescents in court-ordered treatment.

Background: The confluence of drug use behaviors, sexual risk, and psychopathology may complicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention for adolescents engaging in substance use and criminal behavior. However, few studies have examined these risk associations.

Objective: This study identified HIV risk behavior subgroups among adolescents in court-ordered substance abuse treatment and examined linkages with dimensions of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.

Haitian adolescent personality clusters and their problem area correlates.

This study identified personality clusters among a community sample of adolescents of Haitian decent and related cluster subgroup membership to problems in the areas of substance abuse, mental and physical health, family and peer relationships, educational and vocational status, social skills, leisure and recreational pursuits, aggressive behavior-delinquency, and to sexual risk activity. Three cluster subgroups were identified: dependent/conforming (N = 68), high pathology (N = 30); and confident/extroverted/conforming (N = 111). Although the overall sample was relatively healthy based on low average endorsement of problems across areas of expressed concern, significant physical health, mental health, relationship, educational, and HIV risk problems were identified in a MACI identified high psychopathology cluster subgroup.

Cognitive behavioral HIV risk reduction in those receiving psychiatric treatment: a clinical trial.

Among severely mentally ill (SMI) substance abusers, HIV rates are elevated and HIV risk reduction interventions have been shown to be less effective. An enhanced cognitive behavioral HIV risk reduction intervention (E-CB) for SMI was compared to a health promotion condition (HPC) in 222 psychiatric outpatients at 6 months postintervention. Compared to females, males in the E-CB improved on intention to practice safer sex and in condom use skills and in unprotected vaginal sex, but did not differ in HIV knowledge, perceived susceptibility, anxiety, condom attitudes, safer sex self-efficacy, unprotected vaginal sex acts, or sex partners.

Arrow trauma to cervical spine.

A 50-year-old man was the victim of an accidental arrow shooting while hunting. The arrow entered his posterolateral neck and came to rest in the space between the C1/C2 vertebrae in his cervical spine. He was able to maintain his own cervical immobilization.

Personality disorder factors predict recovery of employment functioning among treated cocaine abusers.

Background: Identifying treatments that produce specific benefits in nondrug psychosocial functioning areas such as employment functioning has been illusive. Examination of dimensions of clinical status that moderate such effects may be useful in planning more effective interventions.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine if life stress and four dimensions of personality and psychopathology previously found to predict early post-treatment relapse in diverse groups of substance abusers, predict less recovery in employment functioning among 240 cocaine dependent males after completion of residential treatment.

Effects of a culturally adapted HIV prevention intervention in Haitian youth.

This study assessed the impact of an 8-week community-based translation of Becoming a Responsible Teen (BART), an HIV intervention that has been shown to be effective in other at-risk adolescent populations. A sample of Haitian adolescents living in the Miami area was randomized to a general health education control group (n = 101) or the BART intervention (n = 145), which was based on the information-motivation-behavior (IMB) model. Improvement in various IMB components (i.

HIV risk and history of STDs in MCMI-III psychopathology subgroups of comorbid substance abusers.

The purpose of this investigation is to investigate HIV risk-related attitudes, beliefs, expectancies, behaviors, and histories of lifetime sexually transmitted diseases in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) defined psychopathology cluster subgroups. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis, using Ward's method, was employed that led to identification of high (n = 37), medium (n = 132), and low (n = 28) MCMI-III psychopathology cluster subgroups. Members of the low psychopathology subgroup demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge about HIV and AIDS and less anxiety about HIV infection than high and moderate psychopathology subgroups.

Substance abuse problems, psychiatric symptoms, and post-treatment status in MCMI psychopathology subgroups of cocaine dependent males.

This study involved cluster analysis of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) records of 304 cocaine dependent males and examined differences among personality-based clusters in medical, legal, employment, drug, alcohol, family, and psychiatric problem severity at treatment intake and in outcome status during the 12 months after completion of residential drug treatment. A hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method) was used to identify 4 cluster subgroups: antisocial, subclinical, neurotic, and high psychopathology. MANOVA revealed that membership in Neurotic and High Psychopathology Cluster subgroups was linked with more severe family and psychiatric problems at treatment intake than found in the Subclinical Cluster Subgroup (all ps < .

Changes over time in addiction security index problem dimensions among cocaine abusers1 treated in community settings.

Clinical trials have yielded evidence for the efficacy of treatment for cocaine dependence but are limited in their ability to generalize their results to those attending community treatment programs for drug dependence. This study aimed to determine whether 223 cocaine-dependent males attending one of three different residential community treatment centers in Miami-Dade County, Florida exhibited change in Addiction Severity Index (ASI) problem dimensions similar to those participating in clinical trials. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded evidence for reductions over time in six of seven ASI dimensions.