The missing pieces: an investigation into the parallels between Charles Bonnet, phantom limb and tinnitus syndromes.

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by visual hallucinations of varying complexity on a background of vision loss. CBS research has gained popularity only in recent decades, despite evidence dating back to 1760. Knowledge of CBS among both the patient and professional populations unfortunately remains poor, and little is known of its underlying pathophysiology.

Objective auditory brainstem response classification using machine learning.

Objective: The objective of this study was to use machine learning in the form of a deep neural network to objectively classify paired auditory brainstem response waveforms into either: 'clear response', 'inconclusive' or 'response absent'.

Design: A deep convolutional neural network was constructed and fine-tuned using stratified 10-fold cross-validation on 190 paired ABR waveforms. The final model was evaluated on a test set of 42 paired waveforms.

Lifetime leisure music exposure associated with increased frequency of tinnitus.

Tinnitus has been linked to noise exposure, a common form of which is listening to music as a leisure activity. The relationship between tinnitus and type and duration of music exposure is not well understood. We conducted an internet-based population study that asked participants questions about lifetime music exposure and hearing, and included a hearing test involving speech intelligibility in noise, the High Frequency Digit Triplets Test.

Automated screening for high-frequency hearing loss.

Objective: Hearing loss at high frequencies produces perceptual difficulties and is often an early sign of a more general hearing loss. This study reports the development and validation of two new speech-based hearing screening tests in English that focus on detecting hearing loss at frequencies above 2000 Hz.

Design: The Internet-delivered, speech-in noise tests used closed target-word sets of digit triplets or consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words presented against a speech-shaped noise masker.

The importance for speech intelligibility of random fluctuations in "steady" background noise.

Spectrally shaped steady noise is commonly used as a masker of speech. The effects of inherent random fluctuations in amplitude of such a noise are typically ignored. Here, the importance of these random fluctuations was assessed by comparing two cases.