Approaches to the primary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder in the military: a review of the stress control literature.

Numerous studies are underway, using data collected from clinical studies and data collected from surveys of combat troops, to determine the most efficacious treatment options for those diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast, little is known about the effectiveness of predeployment training in preventing or mitigating the impact of combat-related stressors on the development of PTSD. We conducted a comprehensive review of literature pertaining to primary prevention efforts to stem the advent of PTSD and other combat and operational stress injuries in military populations using databases from the peer-reviewed literature as well as online searches and colleague referrals.

Informed consent procedures: an experimental test using a virtual character in a dialog systems training application.

Researchers are generally trained to administer informed consent by studying approved guidelines, but still can fail to satisfactorily answer questions from potential participants. An application using a virtual character allowed novice participants to practice administering informed consent. This character was designed to behave as a potential participant for a study and asked many of the questions research participants typically ask, such as queries about the study itself, the sponsor, timing, selection procedures, confidentiality, voluntariness, benefits and risks, and contact information.

Lessons learned in modeling virtual pediatric patients.

In two applications the authors are developing virtual pediatric characters for training and assessment. One application, a virtual pediatric standardized patient, is intended for medical school students rotating through pediatrics to train and assess their basic communications and procedural skills while interacting with kids. The other application presents at-risk teenagers with vignettes to assess risky behavior and impulsivity.

Psychometric properties of virtual reality vignette performance measures: a novel approach for assessing adolescents' social competency skills.

This study examined the psychometric properties of performance measures for three novel, interactive virtual reality vignette exercises developed to assess social competency skills of at-risk adolescents. Performance data were collected from 117 African-American male 15-17 year olds. Data for 18 performance measures were obtained, based on adolescents' interaction with a provocative virtual teenage character.