Violence and delusional jealousy in Parkinson's disease.

Psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD) can have a hugely detrimental effect on patient outcomes and quality of life. It can be a feature of PD itself, or can be exacerbated by the very pharmacological agents that are prescribed to treat the motor symptoms of the disease. The treatment of psychosis in PD is often complex, with clinicians having to balance the debilitating physical symptoms of PD against the risk of exacerbating the psychosis.

Rumination in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-analytic Review.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by deficits in emotion regulation and affective liability, specifically rumination. Despite this, inconsistencies have existed in the literature regarding which rumination type is most prominent in BPD. Taking this into consideration, a meta-analysis was performed to look at how BPD symptoms correlate with rumination, while also considering clinical moderator variables (i.

Correction: The overlap between autistic spectrum conditions and borderline personality disorder.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The overlap between autistic spectrum conditions and borderline personality disorder.

Background: Both people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are significantly challenged in terms of understanding and responding to emotions and in interpersonal functioning.

Aims: To compare ASC, BPD, and comorbid patients in terms of autistic traits, empathy, and systemizing.

Methods: 624 ASC, 23 BPD, and 16 comorbid (ASC+BPD) patients, and 2,081 neurotypical controls (NC) filled in the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R).

A more rational, theory-driven approach to analysing the factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

We endeavoured to analyze the factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during a screening programme in Hungary, using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), testing both previously published models and newly developed theory-driven ones, after a critical analysis of the literature. Between April 2011 and January 2015, a sample of 2967 pregnant women (between 12th and 30th weeks of gestation) and 714 women 6 weeks after delivery completed the Hungarian version of the EPDS in South-East Hungary. EFAs suggested unidimensionality in both samples.

Amygdala and dlPFC abnormalities, with aberrant connectivity and habituation in response to emotional stimuli in females with BPD.

Background: Little is known about the frontolimbic abnormalities thought to underlie borderline personality disorder (BPD). We endeavoured to study regional responses, as well as their connectivity and habituation during emotion processing.

Methods: 14 BPD patients and 14 normal female controls (NC) controlled for menstrual phase underwent emotion-induction during an fMRI task using standardised images in a block design.

Abnormal Frontostriatal Activity During Unexpected Reward Receipt in Depression and Schizophrenia: Relationship to Anhedonia.

Alterations in reward processes may underlie motivational and anhedonic symptoms in depression and schizophrenia. However it remains unclear whether these alterations are disorder-specific or shared, and whether they clearly relate to symptom generation or not. We studied brain responses to unexpected rewards during a simulated slot-machine game in 24 patients with depression, 21 patients with schizophrenia, and 21 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Reduction in ventral striatal activity when anticipating a reward in depression and schizophrenia: a replicated cross-diagnostic finding.

In the research domain framework (RDoC), dysfunctional reward expectation has been proposed to be a cross-diagnostic domain in psychiatry, which may contribute to symptoms common to various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anhedonia or apathy/avolition. We used a modified version of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) paradigm to obtain functional MRI images from 22 patients with schizophrenia, 24 with depression and 21 controls. Anhedonia and other symptoms of depression, and overall positive and negative symptomatology were also measured.

Hedonic and disgust taste perception in borderline personality disorder and depression.

Depression and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are both thought to be accompanied by alterations in the subjective experience of environmental rewards. We evaluated responses in women to sweet, bitter and neutral tastes (juice, quinine and water): 29 with depression, 17 with BPD and 27 healthy controls. The BPD group gave lower pleasantness and higher disgust ratings for quinine and juice compared with the control group; the depression group did not differ significantly from the control group.

Validation studies of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for the antenatal period.

Background: Relatively few studies have focused on the validation of psychometric scales measuring depression during pregnancy. The aim of this review was to critically appraise and review antenatal validation studies of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).

Methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI, CINAHL, SCIELO and PsyCINFO for the period 1987-2013.

Effects of oxytocin on attention to emotional faces in healthy volunteers and highly socially anxious males.

Background: Evidence suggests that individuals with social anxiety demonstrate vigilance to social threat, whilst the peptide hormone oxytocin is widely accepted as supporting affiliative behaviour in humans.

Methods: This study investigated whether oxytocin can affect attentional bias in social anxiety. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, within-group study design, 26 healthy and 16 highly socially anxious (HSA) male volunteers (within the HSA group, 10 were diagnosed with generalized social anxiety disorder) were administered 24 IU of oxytocin or placebo to investigate attentional processing in social anxiety.

Brain structural signatures of negative symptoms in depression and schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms occur in several major mental health disorders with undetermined mechanisms and unsatisfactory treatments; identification of their neural correlates might unveil the underlying pathophysiological basis and pinpoint the therapeutic targets. In this study, participants with major depressive disorder (n = 24), schizophrenia (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 20) were assessed with 10 frequently used negative symptom scales followed by principal component analysis (PCA) of the scores. A linear model with the prominent components identified by PCA was then regressed on gray and white-matter volumes estimated from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Self-relevant disgust and self-harm urges in patients with borderline personality disorder and depression: a pilot study with a newly designed psychological challenge.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric condition associated with self-harm. Self-harm is poorly understood and there is currently no treatment for acute presentations with self-harm urges.

Objectives: By using a new task (Self-relevant Task; SRT), to explore emotions related to one's own person (PERSON task) and body (BODY task), to study the correlations of these emotions, specifically disgust, with self-harm urge level changes, and to test the task's potential to be developed into an experimental model of self-harming for treatment trials.

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a screening tool for postpartum depression in a clinical sample in Hungary.

Background: the purpose of the study was to assess the validity of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in screening for postnatal depression (PND) in Hungary.

Methods: between July 2010 and March 2011, a sample of 266 women attending a routine check-up at six weeks post partum completed the newly translated Hungarian version of the EPDS at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Hungary, and underwent clinical assessments based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders (SCID-I).

Findings: eight (3.

Distribution of tract deficits in schizophrenia.

Background: Gray and white matter brain changes have been found in schizophrenia but the anatomical organizing process underlying these changes remains unknown. We aimed to identify gray and white matter volumetric changes in a group of patients with schizophrenia and to quantify the distribution of white matter tract changes using a novel approach which applied three complementary analyses to diffusion imaging data.

Methods: 21 patients with schizophrenia and 21 matched control subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging.

What is it like to be diagnosed with bipolar illness, borderline personality disorder or another diagnosis with mood instability?

Patients with mood instability represent a significant proportion of patients with mental illness. Important lessons need to be learnt about how current assessment processes do not meet their expectations. Changes at various levels, including medical and nursing education, service provision and research priorities, appear necessary if we are to help our patients better.

Oscillatory underpinnings of mismatch negativity and their relationship with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Impairments in mismatch negativity (MMN) generation have been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, underlying oscillatory activity of MMN deficits in schizophrenia and the relationship with cognitive impairments have not been investigated in detail. Time-frequency power and phase analyses can provide more detailed measures of brain dynamics of MMN deficits in schizophrenia.

Obstetric and psychosocial risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

We aimed to determine the psychosocial and obstetric correlates of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy in South-Eastern Hungary. A total of 1719 women were screened for depression in four counties in 2006 and 2007, based on a Leverton Questionnaire (LQ) score of ≥12 at 14-24 weeks of gestation. The LQ scores indicated a probable depressive illness (PDI) in 17.

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: translation and antepartum validation for a Hungarian sample.

Objective: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an important screening instrument routinely used during the peripartum period for the identification of depression. The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of the 10-item EPDS in screening for antepartum depression (APD) in Hungary.

Design: validation study carried out between July and December 2010.

Can a brief antepartum preventive group intervention help reduce postpartum depressive symptomatology?

Background: Psychosocial and psychological interventions are generally effective in reducing depressive symptomatology in the postpartum period. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief preventive group intervention for postpartum depression (PPD) in a naturalistic setting, and study the effect of this on social and psychological risk factors.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial (n = 1,719) in south-eastern Hungary in 62 antepartum centers.

Social dynamics of postpartum depression: a population-based screening in South-Eastern Hungary.

Purpose: To determine contributing psychosocial factors to postnatal depression (PND) in Hungary in 1996 and in 2006.

Methods: In 1996 and 2006, a total of 2,333 and 1,619 women, respectively, were screened for PND in South-Eastern Hungary, based on a Leverton questionnaire (LQ) score of ≥ 12 at 6-10 weeks after delivery.

Results: The LQ scores indicated an increase in PND from 15.

Diagnostic tools for dementia.

As population ageing means that dementia is becoming more prevalent, it is increasingly important that clinicians from all types of practice are familiar with assessing patients who have possible cognitive impairment. The diagnosis of the syndrome of dementia remains a clinical process, supplemented by relevant investigations including cognitive testing. This paper reviews some of the more commonly used tools for assessing cognition, behaviour and overall functioning in patients with possible or established dementia.

Anxiety, depression and smoking in schoolchildren--implications for smoking prevention.

The prevalence of smoking among 14 to 18-year-old adolescents (one out of three) is as high as in the general population in Hungary. Depression and anxiety disorders are also major public health problems. Our objective was to investigate the correlations between smoking status and anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as to identify potential implications for the prevention of nicotine dependence.

The Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE) in the differential diagnosis of early dementias versus affective disorder.

Objective: The authors describe the profile of performance of patients whose cognitive complaint is due to dementia, affective disorder, or combinations thereof on the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) test battery.

Methods: Authors tested 90 subjects with dementia (63 Alzheimer disease [AD]; 27 fronto-temporal dementia [FTD]), 60 subjects with "pure" affective disorder (23 major depression [MDD], 37 whose affective symptoms did not meet criteria for major depression [Affective]); 22 patients with symptoms of affective disorder and organic dementia (Mixed); and 127 healthy volunteers (NC).

Results: The total ACE scores for the AD, FTD, and Mixed groups were significantly lower than for the NC group.