Characterization of the kinase activity of a WNK4 protein complex.

Mutations in WNK4 protein kinase cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a genetic disorder that is characterized by renal NaCl and K(+) retention leading to hypertension and hyperkalemia. Consistent with this, WNK4 is known to regulate several renal tubule transporters, including the NaCl cotransporter, NCC, and the K(+) channel, ROMK, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood, and the role of the kinase activity in its actions is highly controversial. To assay WNK4 kinase activity, we have now succeeded in expressing and purifying full-length, enzymatically active WNK4 protein from HEK293 cells.

Narrow diameter implants for mandibular denture retention.

Narrow diameter implants are a lower cost alternative to conventional implants and are used to retain mandibular dentures. The experiences at a dental school predoctoral clinic are reviewed. The cumulative success rate for 626 fixtures placed in a six-year period is 92.

Biology of claudins.

Claudins are a family of tight junction membrane proteins that regulate paracellular permeability of epithelia, likely by forming the lining of the paracellular pore. Claudins are expressed throughout the renal tubule, and mutations in two claudin genes are now known to cause familial hypercalciuric hypomagnesemia with nephrocalcinosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the physiological role of various claudins in normal kidney function, and in understanding the fundamental biology of claudins, including the molecular basis for selectivity of permeation, claudin interactions in tight junction formation, and regulation of claudins by protein kinases and other intracellular signals.

Classification system for the completely dentate patient.

The American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) has developed a classification system designed for use by dental professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of completely dentate patients. This classification is the third in a series and is similar to the Classifications for Complete Edentulism and Partial Edentulism previously developed by the ACP. These guidelines are intended to aid practitioners in the systematic diagnosis of each patient which, in turn, should lead to an appropriate treatment.

Classification system for partial edentulism.

The American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) has developed a classification system for partial edentulism based on diagnostic findings. This classification system is similar to the classification system for complete edentulism previously developed by the ACP. These guidelines are intended to help practitioners determine appropriate treatments for their patients.