Upper extremity fractures in pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents: an underappreciated concern.

Background: Though pedestrian versus motor vehicle (PVMV) accidents are a common cause of trauma admission and subsequent orthopaedic consult, the prevalence of upper extremity fracture (UEF) in such events and its association with lower extremity injury (LEI) is unknown. We sought to describe UEF in PVMV accident patients at the time of orthopaedic consult.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all pedestrian hit by motor vehicle cases for which an orthopaedic consult was performed at Jackson Memorial Hospital between July 2006 and January 2008.

Real-time quantitative PCR-based serum neutralization test for detection and titration of neutralizing antibodies to chicken anemia virus.

Detection and titration of chicken anemia virus (CAV)-neutralizing antibodies has relied on tedious, time-consuming passaging of infected cells, or subjective recognition of cytopathic effect in individual cells, because CAV replicates in culture only in lymphoblastoid cell lines, and thus generates no plaques. This paper describes a rapid method, in which CAV genomes in infected cells are quantitated by qPCR 3-4 days postinfection (p.i.