Machine learning identifies factors most associated with seeking medical care for migraine: Results of the OVERCOME (US) study.

Objective: Utilize machine learning models to identify factors associated with seeking medical care for migraine.

Background: Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet many people with migraine do not seek medical care.

Methods: The web-based survey, ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment and Care Of MigrainE (US), annually recruited demographically representative samples of the US adult population (2018-2020).

Migraine-Related Stigma and Its Relationship to Disability, Interictal Burden, and Quality of Life: Results of the OVERCOME (US) Study.

Background And Objectives: This population-based analysis characterizes the relative frequency of migraine-related stigma and its cross-sectional relationship to migraine outcomes. We hypothesized that migraine-related stigma would be inversely associated with favorable migraine outcomes across headache day categories.

Methods: OVERCOME (US) is a web-based observational study that annually recruited a demographically representative US sample and then identified people with active migraine using a validated migraine diagnostic questionnaire.

Lifetime history of an anxiety or depression disorder and adherence to medications used for the acute treatment of migraine.

Objective: In this secondary analysis of mobile health headache diary data, we evaluated the relationship between adherence to medication used for the acute treatment of migraine and lifetime history of an anxiety or depression disorder.

Background: Medication non-adherence can produce poor clinical efficacy and may be associated with medication overuse. Medication overuse was defined by taking a migraine-specific medication (MSM) for ≥10 days/month, an opioid or barbiturate for ≥10 days/month, or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for ≥15 days/month and having ≥15 headache days/month.

The not so hidden impact of interictal burden in migraine: A narrative review.

Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disease of varying attack frequency. Headache attacks that are accompanied by a combination of impact on daily activities, photophobia and/or nausea are most commonly migraine. The headache phase of a migraine attack has attracted more research, assessment tools and treatment goals than any other feature, characteristic, or phase of migraine.

Diagnosis, consultation, treatment, and impact of migraine in the US: Results of the OVERCOME (US) study.

Objective: The ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment and Care of MigrainE (OVERCOME; United States) study is a multicohort, longitudinal web survey that assesses symptomatology, consulting, diagnosis, treatment, and impact of migraine in the United States.

Background: Regularly updating population-based views of migraine in the United States provides a method for assessing the quality of ongoing migraine care and identifying unmet needs.

Methods: The OVERCOME (US) 2018 migraine cohort involved: (I) creating a demographically representative sample of US adults using quota sampling (n = 97,478), (II) identifying people with active migraine in the past year via a validated migraine diagnostic questionnaire and/or self-reported medical diagnosis of migraine (n = 24,272), and (III) assessing consultation, diagnosis, and treatment of migraine (n = 21,143).

Patient Perspectives and Experiences of Preventive Treatments and Self-Injectable Devices for Migraine: A Focus Group Study.

Background: Although several self-injectable preventive treatments for migraine have become available, they are not yet widely used. Thus, understanding patients' perceptions towards them is limited.

Objective: This study aimed to inform the design of a preference-elicitation instrument, which is being developed to quantify preventive treatment preferences of people with migraine.

Galcanezumab Provides Consistent Efficacy Throughout the Dosing Interval Among Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Introduction: The consistency of the treatment effect of galcanezumab throughout the dosing interval is examined in patients with episodic and chronic migraine.

Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of clinical trial data from episodic (EVOLVE-1; EVOLVE-2; both 6-month duration) and chronic (REGAIN; 3-month duration) migraine double-blind trials evaluating the efficacy of a once-monthly injection of galcanezumab 120 mg relative to placebo. Adults with episodic (placebo, n = 894; galcanezumab, n = 444) or chronic migraine (placebo, n = 558; galcanezumab, n = 278) were included.

Impact of galcanezumab on total pain burden: findings from phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients with episodic or chronic migraine (EVOLVE-1, EVOLVE-2, and REGAIN trials).

Background: Focus on the frequency of migraine pain may undervalue the total burden of migraine as pain duration and severity may present unique, additive burden. A composite measure of total pain burden (TPB; frequency, severity, and duration) may provide a more comprehensive characterization of pain burden and treatment response in patients with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM). The impact of galcanezumab versus placebo on TPB among patients with EM or CM was analyzed.

Assessing evidence-based medicine and opioid/barbiturate as first-line acute treatment of pediatric migraine and primary headache: A retrospective observational study of health systems data.

Objectives: To evaluate providers' use and predictors of evidence-based medicine or opioid/barbiturate as first-line acute treatment for children's initial presentation of acute migraine or primary headache.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study utilized patient (children ages 6-17) and provider/encounter characteristics extracted from the patient's Electronic Health Record from 2008-2014 during an initial encounter for migraine or primary headache. The primary outcome was provider evidence-based medicine utilization; overall prescriptions and opioid/barbiturate prescriptions were also evaluated.

Acute migraine medication adherence, migraine disability and patient satisfaction: A naturalistic daily diary study.

Objective To examine the influence of acute migraine medication adherence on migraine disability and acute medication satisfaction. Methods Adults with migraine completed three months of daily electronic diaries assessing headache symptoms, acute medication taken, acute medication satisfaction, and daily migraine disability. Repeated measures mixed-effects models examined the effect of initial medication type [migraine-specific medication (MSM) vs.

Development of a measure of self-efficacy for acute headache medication adherence.

Acute medication adherence is essential to manage chronic, episodic disorders, including headache. This paper describes the development of a measure of acute medication self-efficacy for headache (AMSE-H). Phase 1: 14 AMSE-H items were generated through qualitative interviews with 21 patients and 15 clinical headache experts.

Improving medication adherence in migraine treatment.

Medication adherence is integral to successful treatment of migraine and other headache. The existing literature examining medication adherence in migraine is small, and the methodologies used to assess adherence are limited. However, these studies broadly suggest poor adherence to both acute and preventive migraine medications, with studies using more objective monitoring reporting lower adherence rates.

Medication class effects on visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure measurements: analysis of electronic health record data in the "real world".

Blood pressure (BP) visit-to-visit variability (VVV) influences the risk of vascular events and mortality. Research has suggested that antihypertensive medication classes may differentially impact VVV. This study evaluated whether antihypertensive medication class differentially impacted BP VVV among hypertensive individuals in a clinical, "real-world" setting as well as the association between VVV and patient characteristics.

Impact of NSAID and Triptan use on developing chronic migraine: results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study.

Objectives: To assess the influence of triptan or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use on the likelihood of developing chronic migraine (CM) among persons with episodic migraine (EM).

Background: CM is common in tertiary headache care, and relative to EM, CM is associated with a number of deleterious outcomes, including higher headache-related disability, reduced health-related quality of life, and increased direct and indirect costs. Symptomatic medication use has emerged as an important risk factor for the development of CM.

A web-based intervention to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies in the community.

Despite warnings that drinking during pregnancy is unsafe, many women are still at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). This article describes the outcomes of a web-based, self-guided change intervention designed to lower the risk for AEPs in a community. A sample of 458 women, between the ages of 18 and 44 years and at risk for an AEP (i.

Nonpharmacologic treatments for migraine and tension-type headache: how to choose and when to use.

There are a variety of nonpharmacologic treatments for headache. Educating patients about headache and its management, identifying and managing triggers (via diaries), modifying lifestyles, and understanding the importance of adopting and adhering to interventions (either pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic) are relevant to all persons with headache. In addition, specific nonpharmacologic treatments can be used either alone or in conjunction with ongoing pharmacologic intervention.

Chronic headache: the role of the psychologist.

The role of the psychologist in chronic headache needs to be tailored to the patient's presentation. For some patients, psychological issues need to be directly addressed (eg, psychiatric comorbidity, difficulties coping with headache, significant problems with sleep and/or stress, medication overuse, and history of abuse). Other situations (eg, patients' beliefs about their readiness to change ability to actively manage headaches, medication adherence, and managing triggers) involve behavioral/psychological principles even when there is no direct contact with a psychologist.

Migraine education improves quality of life in a primary care setting.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mercy Migraine Management Program (MMMP), an educational program for physicians and patients. The primary outcome was change in headache days from baseline at 3, 6, and 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in migraine-related disability and quality of life, worry about headaches, self-efficacy for managing migraines, emergency room (ER) visits for headache, and satisfaction with headache care.

Unintended effects of emphasizing disparities in cancer communication to African-Americans.

Little is known about how minority groups react to public information that highlights racial disparities in cancer. This double-blind randomized study compared emotional and behavioral reactions to four versions of the same colon cancer (CRC) information presented in mock news articles to a community sample of African-American adults (n = 300). Participants read one of four articles that varied in their framing and interpretation of race-specific CRC mortality data, emphasizing impact (CRC is an important problem for African-Americans), two dimensions of disparity (Blacks are doing worse than Whites and Blacks are improving, but less than Whites), or progress (Blacks are improving over time).

Review of duloxetine in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

Duloxetine is a balanced selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) which, in 2004, became the first agent to receive regulatory approval for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy in the US. This compound has no other significant receptor or channel activities other than the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition mechanisms and works to diminish or control the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Duloxetine has no known neuroprotective or other effects which prevent the development of neuropathy in patients with diabetes.

Psychological risk factors in headache.

Headache is a chronic disease that occurs with varying frequency and results in varying levels of disability. To date, the majority of research and clinical focus has been on the role of biological factors in headache and headache-related disability. However, reliance on a purely biomedical model of headache does not account for all aspects of headache and associated disability.

Psychophysiological responses of female headache sufferers and controls using a picture-viewing paradigm.

Despite the advancement of the biopsychosocial model, the interrelationship between behavioral, emotional, and physiological factors in tension-type headache (TTH) remains unclear. Using a picture-viewing paradigm, the present study investigated differences between females with TTH and controls on physiological reactivity, affective valence and arousal, and oral motor habits. In addition, the concordance between EMG activity and self-reported oral habits (i.