Predictors of aetiology and outcomes of acute gastrointestinal illness in returning travellers: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Gastrointestinal illness is a major cause of morbidity in travellers and is a common reason for presentation to healthcare services on return. Whilst the aetiology of imported gastrointestinal disease is predominantly infectious, outcomes are variable due to a range of phenomena such as post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, drug resistance and occult pathology (both infectious and non-infectious). Previous studies have focussed on predictors of aetiology of gastrointestinal disease in travellers; we present a retrospective study combining both aetiological and early outcome data in a large cohort of returned travellers.

Delayed healthcare seeking and prolonged illness in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-centre observational study.

Objectives: To describe a cohort of self-isolating healthcare workers (HCWs) with presumed COVID-19.

Design: A cross-sectional, single-centre study.

Setting: A large, teaching hospital based in Central London with tertiary infection services.

Ebola virus disease: emergence, outbreak and future directions.

Background: The West African Ebola crisis of 2013-15 is the largest outbreak since Ebola was first identified; Ebola has high case fatality.

Sources Of Data: Pubmed with terms 'Ebola' and 'EVD' from January 1976 to June 2015. Public domain material.

Conventional protein kinase C isoforms differentially regulate ADP- and thrombin-evoked Ca²⁺ signalling in human platelets.

Rises in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) are central in platelet activation, yet many aspects of the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Most studies examine how experimental manipulations affect agonist-evoked rises in [Ca(2+)]cyt, but these only monitor the net effect of manipulations on the processes controlling [Ca(2+)]cyt (Ca(2+) buffering, sequestration, release, entry and removal), and cannot resolve the source of the Ca(2+) or the transporters or channels affected. To investigate the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) on platelet Ca(2+) signalling, we here monitor Ca(2+) flux around the platelet by measuring net Ca(2+) fluxes to or from the extracellular space and the intracellular Ca(2+) stores, which act as the major sources and sinks for Ca(2+) influx into and efflux from the cytosol, as well as monitoring the cytosolic Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]cyt), which influences platelet Ca(2+) fluxes via Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange.

Intracellular defenses against HIV, viral evasion and novel therapeutic approaches.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, is a retrovirus. It is estimated that, while in the cell, it interacts with almost 10% of cellular proteins. Several of these have evolved to protect the cell from infection with retroviruses and are known as "restriction factors".

Expression of the VP2 protein of murine norovirus by a translation termination-reinitiation strategy.

Background: Expression of the minor virion structural protein VP2 of the calicivirus murine norovirus (MNV) is believed to occur by the unusual mechanism of termination codon-dependent reinitiation of translation. In this process, following translation of an upstream open reading frame (ORF) and termination at the stop codon, a proportion of 40S subunits remain associated with the mRNA and reinitiate at the AUG of a downstream ORF, which is typically in close proximity. Consistent with this, the VP2 start codon (AUG) of MNV overlaps the stop codon of the upstream VP1 ORF (UAA) in the pentanucleotide UAAUG.