Correction to: A phase III randomized trial of gantenerumab in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported errors in the formatting of the table. The details of the errors are as follows.

A phase III randomized trial of gantenerumab in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Gantenerumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) and removes Aβ plaques by Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. In the SCarlet RoAD trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of gantenerumab in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study, we investigated gantenerumab over 2 years.

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who report clinically significant impairment in executive function: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: Behavioral rating scales that assess impairments in executive function commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may offer advantages over neuropsychological testing. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for executive function deficits in adults with ADHD and clinically significant executive function impairment using self-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) assessments.

Method: This randomized double-blind study, conducted between May 2010 and November 2010, screened at least 1 participant at 35 of 39 registered US clinical research sites.

Adjunctive lisdexamfetamine dimesylate therapy in adult outpatients with predominant negative symptoms of schizophrenia: open-label and randomized-withdrawal phases.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (NSS), related to hypodopaminergic activity in the mesocortical pathway and prefrontal cortex, are predictive of poor outcomes and have no effective treatment. Use of dopamine-enhancing drugs (eg, psychostimulants) has been limited by potential adverse effects. This multicenter study examined lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a d-amphetamine prodrug, as adjunctive therapy to antipsychotics in adults with clinically stable schizophrenia and predominant NSS.

ADHD Symptom Rebound and Emotional Lability With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Children Aged 6 to 12 Years.

Objective: To describe symptom rebound in children with ADHD treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) or placebo.

Method: During a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of LDX, parents/caregivers completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form symptom rating scale throughout the day. Response, rebound, and emotional lability (EL) were assessed post hoc based on predefined criteria.

Lifespan persistence of ADHD: the life transition model and its application.

Background: The understanding that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists throughout life has heightened interest of patients, families, advocates, and professionals in a longitudinal approach to management. Such an approach must recognize and address known patient- and systems-based challenges of long-term mental health treatment, shifting of clinical presentations of ADHD, and commonality of psychiatric comorbidity with ADHD.

Objective: The ADHD Life Transition Model is a step toward developing criteria to optimize recognition and clinical management of ADHD (eg, response, remission) across an individual's lifespan and across diverse medical subspecialties.

Managing ADHD across the lifespan in the primary care setting.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral condition that affects most patients throughout their lives and is associated with occupational underachievement, psychiatric comorbidity, and substance abuse. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are at the forefront of helping patients with ADHD manage symptoms and overcome functional impairments. In this article, the problems of recognizing and effectively managing ADHD are explored through the presentation of 2 composite patient cases based on real patients in the authors' practices.

A New Psychosocial Tool for Gaining Patient Understanding and Acceptance of Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotic Therapy.

Nonadherence to antipsychotic medications in serious, persistent mental illness remains a significant clinical challenge. Long-acting therapy was developed to help improve adherence to schizophrenia therapy and provide an effective means for ameliorating symptoms and preventing relapse. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research/National Institute of Mental Health Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team recommends that antipsychotic long-acting therapy be strongly considered for patients who have difficulty adhering to an oral medication regimen or who prefer long-acting therapy.

Remission in schizophrenia: applying recent consensus criteria to refine the concept.

Although the concept of remission has been widely accepted and utilized in depression and anxiety disorders, there has been much less emphasis on defining remission in schizophrenia. Recently, an expert consensus definition of remission in schizophrenia was proposed along specific operational criteria for the attainment of remission focusing on the three core dimensions of psychopathology identified within schizophrenia: psychoticism, disorganization and negative symptoms. To date, the criteria have been applied retrospectively to several clinical studies, and these have demonstrated that the proposed definition of remission correlates significantly with established measures of symptom severity, functioning and quality of life, and appears achievable for a significant proportion of patients receiving at least 3 months of pharmacotherapy.

Long-acting risperidone in young adults with early schizophrenia or schizoaffective illness.

Background: Treatment with long-acting injectable risperidone was evaluated in young adults likely to be in the early stages of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Method: An open-label 50-week trial included young adults (men aged 18-25 years and women aged 18-30 years).

Results: Sixty-six young adults received at least 1 injection of long-acting risperidone (25 or 50 mg) every two weeks; 64% of the patients completed the 50-week trial.

Evaluation of a treatment manual for risperidone long-acting injectable.

We evaluated the usefulness of a treatment manual to facilitate the use of long-acting injectable risperidone in community mental health centers (CMHCs) during an open-label observational study. Perceived clinical utility and clinician adherence to the manual were evaluated. Patient adherence to treatment satisfaction, Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) and the Schizophrenia Quality-of-Life Scale (SQLS) were assessed.

Maintenance therapy with once-monthly administration of long-acting injectable risperidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a pilot study of an extended dosing interval.

Background: Several clinical studies have established the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-acting risperidone administered once every 2 weeks in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. This report evaluates preliminary efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data for a novel (once-monthly) administration of long-acting injectable risperidone 50 mg in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Methods: Clinically stable patients participated in a 1-year, open-label, single-arm, multicenter pilot study.

A 1-year double-blind study of 2 doses of long-acting risperidone in stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Objective: This study examined the effects of 2 doses of long-acting risperidone injection in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Method: This 52-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, international study included clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV criteria). Settings included physicians' offices and clinics.

Effects of risperidone augmentation in patients with treatment-resistant depression: Results of open-label treatment followed by double-blind continuation.

Approximately one-third of persons with depression do not respond to antidepressant monotherapy. Studies suggest that atypical antipsychotic augmentation may benefit these patients. We investigated the longer-term efficacy of risperidone augmentation of serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor treatment for resistant depression.

Insight and its relationship to clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder receiving long-acting risperidone.

Poor insight is common in schizophrenia, predictive of non-compliance, and an impediment to effective patient management. We hypothesized that long-acting risperidone would be associated with enhanced insight, contributing to improved quality of life measures. In an international, open-label 50-week study, stable patients received long-acting risperidone every 2 weeks.

Lack of impact of race on the efficacy and safety of long-acting risperidone versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

This analysis aimed to assess the relationship between race and clinical response to long-acting, injectable risperidone treatment in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind study, patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder received placebo or long-acting risperidone (25, 50 or 75 mg every 2 weeks). Data were stratified by race as identified by demographic information: Caucasian, African-American or Other.

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS): cross-scale comparison in assessing tardive dyskinesia.

Assessing tardive dyskinesia (TD) has been complicated by the use of different research criteria and rating scales. We studied concordance between two commonly used scales, the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), to study interscale concordance and criteria to define TD. Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 374) were rated at baseline with both scales.

An assessment of emergent tardive dyskinesia and existing dyskinesia in patients receiving long-acting, injectable risperidone: results from a long-term study.

Introduction: Treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia (TD) can be a serious side effect of antipsychotic treatment. Atypical antipsychotics are associated with a lower risk for TD than are conventional agents. A long-acting atypical antipsychotic, with more stable blood levels and lower peak blood levels than an oral formulation, may provide differential benefit regarding side effects, including movement disorders.

Remission in schizophrenia: Results from a 1-year study of long-acting risperidone injection.

Purpose: Although treatment advances have improved outcomes in schizophrenia, definitions of remission and recovery are still evolving. Recently proposed criteria for remission (mild or less on multiple core-symptom ratings for at least 6 months) have been applied to a 1-year study of long-acting risperidone injection.

Methods: In a 50-week, open-label trial, stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who received long-acting risperidone injection every 2 weeks were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Clinical improvement in 336 stable chronically psychotic patients changed from oral to long-acting risperidone: a 12-month open trial.

Modern atypical antipsychotics have advantages over older neuroleptics. We hypothesize that their utility may be further enhanced by sustained drug delivery without daily oral self-dosing. This report examines the effects of a year of treatment with long-acting risperidone for chronically psychotic patients previously stabilized with oral risperidone.

Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus.

New advances in the understanding of schizophrenia etiology, course, and treatment have increased interest on the part of patients, families, advocates, and professionals in the development of consensus-defined standards for clinical status and improvement, including illness remission and recovery. As demonstrated in the area of mood disorders, such standards provide greater clarity around treatment goals, as well as an improved framework for the design and comparison of investigational trials and the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. Unlike the approach to mood disorders, however, the novel application of the concept of standard outcome criteria to schizophrenia must reflect the wide heterogeneity of its long-term course and outcome, as well as the variable effects of different treatments on schizophrenia symptoms.

Long-acting risperidone vs. placebo in the treatment of hospital inpatients with schizophrenia.

Maintenance treatment regimens for patients with schizophrenia are often suboptimal. Partial adherence and outright noncompliance are associated with symptom recurrence and increased likelihood of rehospitalization. Long-acting conventional neuroleptics have limited efficacy and are associated with treatment-limiting adverse events, while oral atypical antipsychotics have not improved adherence substantially.

Efficacy and safety of long-acting risperidone in elderly patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Background: Elderly patients are often an underserved population in terms of optimizing treatment outcomes. Long-acting risperidone, the first long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic, can improve outcomes through continuous medication delivery.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of long-acting injectable risperidone in elderly patients with psychotic disorders.