Postpartum depressive symptoms following implementation of the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding program in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A cohort study.

Background: Social support and relevant skills training can reduce the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) by reducing the impact of stressors. The 10-step program to encourage exclusive breastfeeding that forms the basis of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) provides both, suggesting it may lessen depressive symptoms directly or by reducing difficulties associated with infant feeding. Our objective was to quantify the association of implementing Steps 1-9 or Steps 1-10 on postpartum depressive symptoms and test whether this association was mediated by breastfeeding difficulties.

Factors associated with sensitive regression weights: A fungible parameter approach.

Sensitive parameters serve as a weak foundation for scientific inferences, because they provide less certainty about the accuracy and trustworthiness of the estimated model. Fungible weights may be used to examine parameter sensitivity by looking at how much sets of interchangeable, slightly suboptimal linear regression weights, all of which yield an identical, slightly reduced value of R, differ from the optimal OLS weights. We find that in the two-predictor case, the range of a predictor's fungible weights is almost completely explained by the absolute value of the correlation of the other predictor with the criterion variable (R = .

Beyond cause to consequence: The road from possible to core self-revision.

Two studies addressed the ultimate consequences and pathways running from repeated possible self-revisions to gradual revisions in core selves over time. As hypothesized, greater prior experiences of downward possible self-revision ultimately predicted greater subsequent declines in core self-integrity (e.g.