Prior nonarthroplasty shoulder surgery and modifiable risk factors negatively affect patient outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty frequently is performed in patients with a history of shoulder surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after primary shoulder arthroplasty in patients with a history of nonarthroplasty shoulder surgery, and whether certain modifiable risk factors (MRFs) were negatively associated with final outcome measures. The secondary purpose was to determine if costs or complications were higher in patients with prior shoulder surgery.

A bacterial NLR-related protein recognizes multiple unrelated phage triggers to sense infection.

Immune systems must rapidly sense viral infections to initiate antiviral signaling and protect the host. Bacteria encode >100 distinct viral (phage) defense systems and each has evolved to sense crucial components or activities associated with the viral lifecycle. Here we used a high-throughput AlphaFold-multimer screen to discover that a bacterial NLR-related protein directly senses multiple phage proteins, thereby limiting immune evasion.

Perspectives Toward COVID-19 Sanctions in the Orthodox Jewish Community in Brooklyn and Queens: A Qualitative Study of Medical Providers Experience.

The Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jewish Community in New York City suffered significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The community came under public scrutiny after some members staunchly advocated for reopening of certain resources central to community culture. This study utilizes qualitative techniques to examine the perspectives of medical providers that serve the Haredi community toward pandemic-related government sanctions, as well as the resultant effects the restrictions had on community receipt of healthcare.

Factors Associated With Adolescents' Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intention: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Aim: To examine relationships between hypothesized potential predictors of vaccination and adolescent's Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intention and whether these predictors differed by sex. We also investigated adolescents' experiences and preferences regarding learning about HPV through social media and other technology, to inform future tailored interventions.

Design: Cross-sectional research design.

Effects of the dyadic FirstStep2Health intervention on parents' behaviour and anthropometric outcomes: a secondary analysis of a cluster randomised trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the preliminary efficacy of the versus usual care control on improving parents' lifestyle behaviours (moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, fruit/vegetable and fibre intake, skin carotenoids), nutrition and physical activity knowledge, self-efficacy, support, parenting style, feeding practices, home environment, anthropometric outcomes (body mass index, % body fat) and blood pressure from baseline to postintervention after adjusting for random cluster effects.

Design: A cluster randomised controlled trial with 10 Head Start daycare centres (five intervention, five control) was conducted using computer-generated randomisation after baseline data collection.

Setting: US Head Start daycare centres.

Near-Complete Phosphorus Recovery from Challenging Water Matrices Using Multiuse Ceramsite Made from Water Treatment Residual (WTR).

Water treatment residual (WTR) is a burden for many water treatment plants due to the large volumes and associated management costs. In this study, we transform aluminum-salt WTR (Al-WTR) into ceramsite (ASC) to recover phosphate from challenging waters. ASC showed remarkably higher specific surface area (SSA, 70.

Narratives of Actionable Medical Leadership From Senior Leaders for Aspiring Leaders in Academic Medicine.

Background: Physicians understand that certain personal attributes are essential in medical leaders, but they often do not know what actions are expected of them as leaders or what they should do to be more effective leaders.

Purpose: We sought to compile, through interviews with senior leaders at an academic institution, real leadership scenarios for a series of case-based examples to be used during group mentoring sessions for aspiring medical leaders.

Methods: We conducted one-to-one interviews using open-ended questions with 11 current and emeritus chairpersons or chiefs of major departments or divisions at our academic medical center.

Perspectives of Rural High School Students Involved in a Multi-Component, After-School Physical Activity Intervention.

After-school physical activity interventions can assist high school students in meeting physical activity recommendations; however, little is known about what kinds of programs work best for students in rural settings. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore rural high school students' perceptions of a multi-component, after-school physical activity intervention. Interviews were conducted with 10 students who had participated in a physical activity intervention.

Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries in High School Sports Participants: An Executive Summary of the Inaugural Meeting of the National ACL Injury Coalition.

To address the increasing rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury among young sports participants, the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and the Aspen Institute convened a meeting of a new national coalition to make ACL injury prevention a fundamental aspect of youth sports. This executive summary outlines the National ACL Injury Coalition's goals as defined at its inaugural meeting held at HSS on March 27, 2023. Using a theory of change called "collective impact" designed to support collaboration and drive systems-level change, the coalition focused on 4 strategic priorities intended to reduce ACL injury rates in high school sports participants: widespread implementation of interventions (ensuring that student athletes are adequately trained), high-quality education (raising awareness among many stakeholders), equitable access (ensuring that all high school sports participants, regardless of the resources available at their schools, have access to injury prevention resources), and aligning stakeholders (uniting disparate entities-schools, sports clubs, parents, coaches, and others in these efforts).

Children With Cerebral Palsy's Experiences With Adaptive Climbing: A Qualitative Study on Parents' Perspectives.

Background: Interest in adaptive sports for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is growing, but current evidence on the benefits and indications for one sport, adaptive climbing, is limited.

Purpose: We sought to describe perceived changes observed by parents of children with CP who participated in adaptive climbing.

Methods: Parents whose children with CP participated in 5 or more adaptive climbing sessions were eligible to participate and were emailed a recruitment letter and flyer.

Rare Earth Element Speciation in Coal and Coal Combustion Byproducts: A XANES and EXAFS Study.

Transitioning to a low-carbon economy, necessary to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, will lead to a significant increase in demand for critical minerals such as rare earth elements (REE). Meeting these raw materials requirements will be challenging, so there is increasing interest in new sources of REE including coal combustion byproducts (CCBs). Extraction of REE from CCBs can be advantageous as it involves reusing a waste product, thereby contributing to the circular economy.

Physical Activity Behaviors of Female Adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Saudi Arabia has one of the highest childhood obesity rates worldwide. The primary factor associated with the high prevalence of obesity among adolescents is a lack of physical activity (PA). Compared to male adolescents, very few Saudi female adolescents meet the World Health Organization recommendation of achieving 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day, putting them at a higher risk of overweight and obesity.

Deletion of NuRD component in nephron progenitor cells causes developmentally programmed FSGS.

Low nephron endowment at birth is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of this condition is increasing due to higher survival rates of preterm infants and children with multi- organ birth defect syndromes that affect the kidney and urinary tract. We created a mouse model of congenital low nephron number due to deletion of in nephron progenitor cells.

Preoperative cognitive function as a risk factor of postoperative delirium in cancer surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative delirium (POD) after cancer surgeries can be a result of chemo brain, anesthesia, surgery duration, and preoperative cognitive impairment. Although older age and preoperative cognitive dysfunction were reported to increase the risk of POD in noncardiac surgery, the role of preoperative cognitive function and age in the development of POD after all types of cancer surgeries is not clear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between preoperative cognitive function and likelihood of POD after cancer surgeries.

FirstStep2Health: A cluster randomised trial to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity amongst low-income preschoolers.

Objective: To evaluate the preliminary effects of a theory-based, multi-component intervention on improving healthy lifestyle behaviours and preventing obesity amongst low-income preschoolers.

Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at 10 daycare centres. The 16-week FirstStep2Health intervention, grounded in the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and the Social Cognitive Theory, included five components: a Facebook-based parent programme, three virtual parent meetings, three weekly motivational text messages, parent-child learning via weekly child letters and daycare centre-based child programme.

Rare Earth Element Adsorption to Clay Minerals: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Recovery from Secondary Sources.

The energy transition will have significant mineral demands and there is growing interest in recovering critical metals, including rare earth elements (REE), from secondary sources in aqueous and sedimentary environments. However, the role of clays in REE transport and deposition in these settings remains understudied. This work investigated REE adsorption to the clay minerals illite and kaolinite through pH adsorption experiments and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS).

Reevaluating Associations between Prenatal Care Utilization and Current Trends in Preterm Birth.

Objective:  Studies have suggested an association between prenatal care (PNC) and preterm birth (PTB). We evaluated trends in PTB and association of PNC and PTB.

Study Design:  This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton, viable nonanomalous deliveries from 1991 to 2018.

Effective Doses of Low-Dose Naltrexone for Chronic Pain - An Observational Study.

Purpose: Despite the availability of a wide variety of analgesics, many patients with chronic pain often experience suboptimal pain relief in part related to the absence of any medication to address the nociplastic component of common pain syndromes. Low-dose naltrexone has been used for the treatment of chronic pain, typically at 4.5 mg per day, even though it is also noted that effective doses of naltrexone for chronic pain presentations range from 0.

Comprehensive Association Analyses of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background & Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently develop extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) that contribute substantially to morbidity. We assembled the largest multicohort data set to date to investigate the clinical, serologic, and genetic factors associated with EIM complications in IBD.

Methods: Data were available in 12,083 unrelated European ancestry IBD cases with presence or absence of EIMs (eg, ankylosing spondylitis [ankylosing spondylitis and sacroiliitis], primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC], peripheral arthritis, and skin and ocular manifestations) across 4 cohorts (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases IBD Genetics Consortium, Sinai Helmsley Alliance for Research Excellence Consortium, and Risk Stratification and Identification of Immunogenetic and Microbial Markers of Rapid Disease Progression in Children with Crohn's Disease cohort).

Mental health and lifestyle behavior changes during COVID-19 among families living in poverty: A descriptive phenomenological study.

Problem: Families living in poverty may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The current study focuses on caregivers of preschoolers aged 3-5 years old who lived in poverty to explore how COVID-19 affected mental health and lifestyle behaviors and what coping strategies were helpful for dealing with challenges induced by COVID-19.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using individual semi-structured interviews with 17 caregivers.

The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney.

There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measure dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states.

Intervention to increase physical activity and healthy eating among under-represented adolescents: GOAL trial protocol.

Introduction: To reduce obesity-related disparities, reaching economically disadvantaged and/or minority status adolescents to assist them in meeting physical activity (PA) and nutrition recommendations is important. To address the problem, a 16-week intervention called Guys/Girls Opt for Activities for Life (GOAL) was designed. The purpose of this randomised controlled trial is to evaluate any effect of the intervention, compared with a control condition, on improving: (1) adolescents' % body fat (primary outcome), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), diet quality and cardiorespiratory fitness from 0 to 4 months; (2) body mass index (BMI), overweight/obesity percentage and quality of life from 0 to 4 months and to 13 months; and (3) perceived social support, self-efficacy and motivation from 0 to 4 months with evaluation of any mediating effect on adolescent PA and diet quality.

Longitudinal qualitative study of paired mentor-mentee perspectives on the abstract submission process.

Background: Submitting research abstracts to scientific societies is expected in academic medicine and requires dedicated time and effort. The authors queried mentors and mentees to ascertain what topics and proposed strategies should be included in a new curriculum to enhance the abstract submission process.

Methods: Between May 2019 and March 2020, the authors enrolled 14 senior-rank mentors from diverse disciplines at a tertiary musculoskeletal center and their 14-paired mentees (mostly residents and fellows) into a several-component qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews several months before abstract submission addressing prior experiences, and longitudinal follow-up interviews 1 month before, 1 week before, and 1 week after submission to uncover challenges faced during the actual process and strategies that were effective in overcoming these challenges.