Ictal scalp EEG recording during sleep and wakefulness: diagnostic implications for seizure localization and lateralization.

To determine the localizing value of electroencephalography (EEG) for seizures during sleep versus seizures during wakefulness, we compared scalp EEG for 58 seizures that occurred during sleep with 76 seizures during wake in 28 consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Regression analysis showed that seizures during sleep are 2.5 times more likely to have focal EEG onset (p = 0.

Perillyl alcohol and genistein differentially regulate PKB/Akt and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation as well as eIF4E/eIF4G interactions in human tumor cells.

Previously we demonstrated that secondary products of plant mevalonate metabolism called isoprenoids attenuate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA translational efficiency and cause tumor cell death. Here we compared effects of "pure" isoprenoids (perillyl alcohol and gamma-tocotrienol) and a "mixed" isoprenoid-genistein-on the PKB/Akt/mTOR pathway that controls mRNA translation and m(7)GpppX eIF4F cap binding complex formation. Effects were cell- and isoprenoid-specific.

Temporal lobe seizure semiology during wakefulness and sleep.

We used regression analysis to compare the semiologic features of temporal lobe seizures that occur during sleep (TLS-S) and wake (TLS-W) in the same patient. Most semiologic features correctly lateralized seizure activity during either sleep or wake. No significant differences were found between TLS-S and TLS-W in the 18 semiologic features analyzed.

Juvenile absence epilepsy exacerbated by valproic acid.

Valproic acid is commonly and effectively used in the treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies, including juvenile absence epilepsy. Although several adverse effects are associated with this drug, it has only rarely been known to exacerbate seizures. Similar to antiarrhythmic drugs aggravating particular arrhythmias, antiepileptic drugs can paradoxically induce new seizure types or exacerbate existing ones.

Proto oncogene/eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E attenuates mevalonate-mediated regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase synthesis.

The rate-limiting enzyme for mevalonate synthesis in mammalian cells is 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Products of mevalonate synthesis are required for cell cycle progression as well as cell growth and survival. In tumor cells, HMG-CoA reductase is generally elevated because of attenuated sterol-mediated regulation of transcription.