Gestalt, Navon and Kanizsa illusion processing in CVI, ADHD, and dyslexia Children with Normal verbal IQ.

Introduction: Global Visual Selective Attention (VSA) is the ability to integrate multiple visual elements of a scene to achieve visual overview. This is essential for navigating crowded environments and recognizing objects or faces. Clinical pediatric research on global VSA deficits primarily focuses on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Eyes on CVI: Eye movements unveil distinct visual search patterns in Cerebral Visual Impairment compared to ADHD, dyslexia, and neurotypical children.

Visual search problems are often reported in children with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI). To tackle the clinical challenge of objectively differentiating CVI from other neurodevelopmental disorders, we developed a novel test battery. Visual search tasks were coupled with verbal and gaze-based measurements.

Primary carnitine deficiency is a life-long disease.

Primary carnitine deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease associated with acute hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. Effective treatment with carnitine supplementation is available. An 18 months old boy, who presented with cardiomyopathy was diagnosed with primary carnitine deficiency, and carnitine supplementation resulted in a full recovery.

A qualitative and quantitative study of self-reported positive characteristics of individuals with ADHD.

Research in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has had a clear focus on treatment and the dysfunction in specific situation associated with the condition. However, self-report, observational and anecdotal evidence indicates that there are also positive aspects associated with ADHD. Research on the potential positive features in individuals with an ADHD diagnosis is still limited, especially studies with larger representative samples.

Stability of Methylphenidate under Various pH Conditions in the Presence or Absence of Gut Microbiota.

Methylphenidate is one of the most widely used oral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug is mainly absorbed in the small intestine and has low bioavailability. Accordingly, a high interindividual variability in terms of response to the treatment is known among ADHD patients treated with methylphenidate.

Time-shifting effects of methylphenidate on daily rhythms in the diurnal rodent Arvicanthis ansorgei.

People suffering of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated with the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) show sleep-wake cycle and daily rhythm alterations despite the beneficial effects of MPH on behavioral symptoms (i.e., hyperactivity, attention).

Methylphenidate intoxications in children and adults: exposure circumstances and evidence-based dose threshold for pre-hospital triage.

Context: Methylphenidate intoxications mostly have a relatively mild course, although serious complications can occur.

Objective: We aimed to characterize methylphenidate exposures and reassess our current dose threshold for hospital referral (2 mg/kg).

Methods: In a prospective follow-up study, we analysed 364 consecutive methylphenidate exposures that were reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center.

Five years of Kawasaki disease in the Netherlands: a national surveillance study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, disease presentation, treatment and cardiac outcome of Kawasaki disease (KD) in The Netherlands.

Methods: The national Dutch Pediatric Surveillance Unit was used to prospectively register new KD cases from 2008 through 2012. Questionnaires were sent to pediatricians to obtain clinical information.

Methylphenidate modifies the motion of the circadian clock.

People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep problems, and these are frequently exacerbated by the methylphenidate they take to manage their ADHD symptoms. Many of the changes to sleep are consistent with a change in the underlying circadian clock. The present study was designed to determine if methylphenidate alone could alter properties of the circadian clock.

Effects of a restricted elimination diet on the behaviour of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (INCA study): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The effects of a restricted elimination diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have mainly been investigated in selected subgroups of patients. We aimed to investigate whether there is a connection between diet and behaviour in an unselected group of children.

Methods: The Impact of Nutrition on Children with ADHD (INCA) study was a randomised controlled trial that consisted of an open-label phase with masked measurements followed by a double-blind crossover phase.

Adolescent alcohol intoxication in the Dutch hospital departments of pediatrics: a 2-year comparison study.

Purpose: To monitor the prevalence of, and the circumstances leading to, adolescent alcohol intoxication admissions in Dutch hospital departments of pediatrics.

Methods: Data were collected in 2007 and 2008, using the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System, in which pediatricians received questionnaires on varying issues, including adolescent alcohol intoxication admissions.

Results: The adolescents treated in 2008, as in 2007, were average youth across proportion of gender, educational level, school performances, family structure, siblings, familiarity with medical or aid agencies, alcohol use, and other (illicit) drug use.

[Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders].

Prenatal alcohol exposure may cause decreased growth of the child, congenital abnormalities, specific facial characteristics, and, most importantly, mental retardation and behavioural disorders, all known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). A significant number of pregnant women in the Netherlands drink alcohol, but the prevalence of FASD in our country is unknown. Repeated and high peak blood alcohol concentrations, for example in the case of binge drinking by the mother, result in more severe abnormalities; a safe limit for alcohol consumption in pregnancy cannot be defined.

Adolescent alcohol intoxication in the Dutch hospital Departments of Pediatrics.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the number and characteristics of adolescent alcohol intoxication cases in hospital Departments of Pediatrics. The study also analyzes drinking patterns and intoxication characteristics.

Method: Data were collected using the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System, in which about 92% of general pediatricians and 83% of academic pediatricians participate.

A nationwide study on hospital admissions due to dehydration in exclusively breastfed infants in the Netherlands: its incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome.

Aims: To estimate the incidence and clinical characteristics in hospital admissions due to dehydration or undernutrition and their laboratory evaluation and treatment outcome in exclusively breastfed infants.

Methods: All hospital admissions during the first 3 months of life assessed by the Dutch Paediatric Surveillance Unit (DPSU) between mid 2003 and mid 2005.

Results: Nationwide 158 cases reported, correspond to an incidence of 58/y/100,000 breastfed infants; it is lower for severe dehydration at risk for hypernatraemia; 20/y/100,000.

A randomised controlled trial into the effects of food on ADHD.

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a restricted elimination diet in reducing symptoms in an unselected group of children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dietary studies have already shown evidence of efficacy in selected subgroups. Twenty-seven children (mean age 6.

Imported malaria in children: a national surveillance in the Netherlands and a review of European studies.

Background: Falciparum malaria or malaria tropica is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality worldwide. Malaria-related deaths occur mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 365 million clinical cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria occur each year. In Europe, imported malaria cases occur due to returning travellers or immigration mostly from African countries.

Henoch Schonlein purpura in children: an epidemiological study among Dutch paediatricians on incidence and diagnostic criteria.

Background: The aim of the present study on the occurrence of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) in Dutch children is to give some insight into the epidemiology of HSP in the Netherlands, to record the diagnostic criteria used by Dutch paediatricians and to evaluate the accuracy of the latter using the presence of IgA in the skin when biopsies are available.

Methods: Each month in 2004, all Dutch paediatricians received an electronic card asking them to mention new diagnosed HSP. Paediatricians reporting one or more new patients with HSP were sent a list of questions concerning various parameters.

Incidence of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns in the Netherlands in 2005: evaluation of the current guideline.

Vitamin K prophylaxis is recommended to prevent the hazard of haemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency in newborns. The present Dutch guideline recommends 1 mg of vitamin K(1) orally at birth, followed by a daily dose of 25 microg of vitamin K(1) from 1 to 13 weeks of age for breastfed infants. Since the introduction of this prophylaxis, the incidence of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) has decreased; however, late VKDB is still reported.

Identification of the first AHI1 gene mutations in nephronophthisis-associated Joubert syndrome.

Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease characterized by cerebellar vermis aplasia, mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, an irregular breathing pattern in the neonatal period and abnormal eye movements. Some individuals have progressive renal failure characterized by nephronophthisis (NPHP) and/or retinal dystrophy. Homozygous deletions of NPHP1 on chromosome 2q13 have been identified in individuals with NPHP-associated JBTS.

Neutrophils in Barth syndrome (BTHS) avidly bind annexin-V in the absence of apoptosis.

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked disease characterized by a triad of dilated cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and neutropenia. The disease is associated with mutations of the TAZ gene, resulting in defective cardiolipin (CL), an important inner mitochondrial membrane component. Untreated boys die in infancy or early childhood from septicemia or cardiac failure.