The development of the Helping your Anxious Child programme: a parent-mediated group intervention for parents of autistic children in South Asia.

Autistic children are at increased risk of experiencing a range of mental health difficulties, including anxiety. A number of intervention programmes are now available in high-income countries to support autistic children. However, to date there are no evidence-based interventions to support families of such children in South Asia.

Netrin G1 Is a Novel Target Antigen in Primary Membranous Nephropathy.

Background: Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is caused by circulating autoantibodies binding to antigens on the podocyte surface. PLAR1 is the main target antigen in 70%-80% of cases, but the pathogenesis is unresolved in 10%-15% of patients.

Methods: We used native western blotting to identify IgG4 autoantibodies, which bind an antigen endogenously expressed on podocyte membranes, in the serum of the index patient with MN.

Caregiver perspectives on the impact of uncertainty on the everyday lives of autistic children and their families.

Anxiety is common in autistic children. Research shows that this may be related to intolerance of uncertainty, which is a tendency to react negatively to uncertain situations. Understanding when, why and how autistic children respond to uncertainty is important in the development of anxiety programmes.

A clinical and cost-effectiveness trial of a parent group intervention to manage challenging restricted and repetitive behaviours in young children with autism spectrum disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviours vary greatly across the autism spectrum, and although not all are problematic some can cause distress and interfere with learning and social opportunities. We have, alongside parents, developed a parent group based intervention for families of young children with autism, which aims to offer support to parents and carers; helping them to recognise, understand and learn how to respond to their child's challenging restricted repetitive behaviours.

Methods: The study is a clinical and cost-effectiveness, multi-site randomised controlled trial of the Managing Repetitive Behaviours (MRB) parent group intervention versus a psychoeducation parent group Learning About Autism (LAA) (n = 250; 125 intervention/125 psychoeducation; ~ 83/site) for parents of young children aged 3-9 years 11 months with a diagnosis of autism.

Enabling NHS Staff to Contribute to Research: Reflecting on Current Practice and Informing Future Opportunities.

RAND Europe was commissioned by The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute to conduct a rapid review of the evidence base on engaging NHS staff in healthcare research. The review aims to help inform THIS Institute's efforts to establish and implement an effective strategy for engaging staff across the NHS with its research activities. The study will also be useful for other organisations and initiatives seeking to engage NHS staff in research.

Should patients still be copied into their letters? A rapid review.

Objective: To systematically identify, synthesise and evaluate the strength of the international evidence on copy letter practice.

Methods: A systematic search identified original research studies on copy letters. Searches were limited by date and language as permitted in rapid review methods guidance.

Morbidity, mortality and quality of life in the ageing haemodialysis population: results from the ELDERLY study.

Background: The physical-functional and social-emotional health as well as survival of the elderly (≥75 years of age) haemodialysis patient is commonly thought to be poor. In a prospective, multicentre, non-interventional, observational study, the morbidity, mortality and quality of life (QoL) in this patient group were examined and compared with a younger cohort.

Methods: In 92 German dialysis centres, 2507 prevalent patients 19-98 years of age on haemodialysis for a median of 19.

[Severe case of Candida peritonitis in a patient on CAPD--a successful treatment].

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a widespread method of treatment used in approximately 10% of all patients suffering from terminal renal insufficiency. The main problem of this procedure is the increased risk of peritoneal infection. The incidence of such a peritonitis is quoted at one episode per 13-18.

[Diagnosing magnesium deficiency. Current recommendations of the Society for Magnesium Research].

The cardiovascular risk increases with decreasing serum levels of magnesium, and this already at concentrations within the previous reference range (0.70-1.10 mmol/L).

Prolonged magnesium deficiency causes osteoporosis in the rat.

Background: Peroral magnesium (Mg) administration, used as the only treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis, has been shown to cause a significant increase of BD.

Objectives: To gauge the role of magnesium deficiency in the etiology of osteoporosis, we compared rats fed a Mg deficient diet daily with rats fed a Mg adequate diet over a period of one year.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley female rats (mean weight 110, SD 23 g) were divided into two groups of 8 and randomly assigned to an identical semisynthetic diet, containing either 2000 ppm (group A) or 200 ppm Mg (group B).

Experimentally induced prolonged magnesium deficiency causes osteoporosis in the rat.

Background: It has been shown that prolonged daily peroral magnesium (Mg) administration, as tabs of Mg(OH)(2), used as the only treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis, causes a significant increase in BMD. Objective: In order to obtain definitive evidence of causality of magnesium deficiency in the etiology of osteoporosis, we spent 1 year examining rats given a daily Mg-deficient diet (200 ppm) and compared them with rats given a Mg-adequate diet (2000 ppm). Methods: Sixteen female Sprague-Dawley rats, mean weight 110 (S.

Dementia in patients undergoing long-term dialysis: aetiology, differential diagnoses, epidemiology and management.

Dementia in patients undergoing long-term dialysis has not been clearly defined; however, four different entities have been described. Uraemic encephalopathy is a complication of uraemia and responds well to dialysis. Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, the result of acute intoxication of aluminium caused by the use of an aluminium-containing dialysate, was a common occurrence prior to 1980.

Influence of continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration and continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole.

Objective: To compare the elimination of fluconazole by continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHD) and continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) at different dosages.

Intervention: Patients received doses of 400 mg (n=3), 600 mg (n=1) or 800 mg (n=2) fluconazole as a short-time infusion once a day. Patients underwent CVVHD the first day and CVVH the second day.

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 causing end-stage renal disease in a 45-year-old patient.

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by deficiency of peroxisomal alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase which is in humans exclusively expressed in liver cells. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and initial symptoms usually occur in early childhood. Up to the age of 25 years, 90% of the patients are symptomatic, and many patients develop end-stage renal failure.

Measurement of fluid volume shifts during hemodialysis by A-mode ultrasonography.

Background: The rate of intercompartmental fluid volume changes during hemodialysis (HD) is a major determinant of dialysis-induced hypotension and lacks direct monitoring. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of tissue thickness (TT) measurement in monitoring the mobilization of interstitial fluids during HD.

Methods: We studied the intradialytic changes in forehead TT and inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) in 20 patients.

Can one really measure magnesium deficiency using the short-term magnesium loading test?

Objective: To compare a 1-h-version of a magnesium-loading-test (MLT) designed for outpatients in healthy controls with the 8-h standard; to establish the test in patients after renal transplantation prone to develop magnesium (Mg) deficiency; to correlate femur Mg-concentration and percentage retention of the given load.

Design: Comparison of mean values from healthy controls with respective from the literature; a prospective, randomized, controlled 4-month study; an intra-individual correlation of Mg-serum values and loading-test data with femur-Mg concentrations.

Setting: One centre study in a medical university; outpatients from the transplant unit; inpatients from the orthopedic unit.

[Calciphylaxis of the skin as a sequela of terminal kidney failure. Report and discussion of 3 cases].

Calciphylaxis is a rare syndrome mostly affecting patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and in some cases with functional protein C or protein S deficiency. Skin lesions begin as superficial painful patches that progress to deep necrotic lesions. The findings are often misdiagnosed as livedo vasculitis and the prognosis is poor.

[A long-term organic brain syndrome and brain stem symptoms in an undiagnosed dialysis-associated encephalopathy].

History And Clinical Findings: A 73-year-old woman in renal failure for the past 22 years had been on haemodialysis for 16 years. Because of hyperphosphataemia and peptic ulcers she had been on aluminium-containing antacids with a total intake over time of about 8 kg "pure" aluminium. Over the past 11 years she had biphasic symptoms of death anxieties and depression.

[Acute renal failure in IgM plasmocytoma with hyperviscosity syndrome].

History And Clinical Findings: Two days after starting withdrawal treatment for alcohol and drug abuse a 56-year-old woman developed acute renal failure. The patient was in a poor general condition and disoriented as to time and place. She had uraemic oral fetor and leg oedema.