Immunotherapy for Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: A Promising Disease-Modifying Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two neurodegenerative diseases posing a significant disease burden due to their increasing prevalence and socio-economic cost. Traditional therapeutic approaches for these diseases exist but provide limited symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying pathologies. This review examines the potential of immunotherapy, specifically monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), as disease-modifying treatments for AD and PD.

Circulating dengue virus serotypes, demographics, and epidemiology in the 2023 dengue outbreak in Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Dengue is a serious epidemic for Bangladesh affecting thousands of lives. This study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of the circulating variants of dengue virus (DENV) and their association with demographics and clinical manifestations among the dengue-infected patients. A total of 711 participants with NS1 antigen positivity were enrolled, followed by viral RNA extraction from the collected blood samples and a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to determine the dengue virus serotypes.

Copper stress in rice: Perception, signaling, bioremediation and future prospects.

Copper (Cu) is an indispensable micronutrient for plants, animals, and microorganisms and plays a vital role in different physiological processes. However, excessive Cu accumulation in agricultural soil, often through anthropogenic action, poses a potential risk to plant health and crop productivity. This review article provided a comprehensive overview of the available information regarding Cu dynamics in agricultural soils, major sources of Cu contamination, factors influencing its mobility and bioavailability, and mechanisms of Cu uptake and translocation in rice plants.

The effect of microbiome therapy on COVID-19-induced gut dysbiosis: A narrative and systematic review.

Aims: Emerging evidence highlights the role of COVID-19 in instigating gut dysbiosis, with repercussions on disease severity and bidirectional gut-organ communication involving the lung, heart, brain, and liver. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in addressing gut dysbiosis associated with COVID-19, as well as their impact on related disease severity and clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We systematically review 27 studies exploring the efficacy of different microbiome-modulating therapies: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential interventions for COVID-19.

Phytotoxicity and Phytotoxic Substances in Roxb.

is a shrub species distributed across South Asia. It grows well in diversified habitats and tends to dominate plants in the surrounding environment. The phytotoxicity of and the action of its phytochemicals against other plant species could explain its dominant behavior.

Exploring the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Neurosurgery: Let us be Cautious With ChatGPT.

Background And Objectives: ChatGPT is a novel natural language processing artificial intelligence (AI) module where users enter any question or command and receive a single text response within seconds. As AI becomes more accessible, patients may begin to use it as a resource for medical information and advice. This is the first study to assess the neurosurgical information that is provided by ChatGPT.

ʟ-glutamic acid modulates antioxidant defense systems and nutrient homeostasis in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under copper toxicity.

Copper (Cu), an essential micronutrient, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) at its supra-optimal level in living cells as a transition metal, thus producing oxidative stress in plants. Therefore, protecting plants from Cu-induced oxidative stress via the exogenous application of chemical substances, particularly L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), could be a viable strategy for mitigating the toxicity of Cu. The aim of our present study was to investigate how ʟ-Glu protects lentil seedlings from oxidative stress produced by toxic Cu and allows them to survive under Cu toxicity.

Microglial-to-neuronal CCR5 signaling regulates autophagy in neurodegeneration.

In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia switch to an activated state, which results in excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Our work aims to investigate how this paracrine signaling affects neuronal function. Here, we show that activated microglia mediate non-cell-autonomous inhibition of neuronal autophagy, a degradative pathway critical for the removal of toxic, aggregate-prone proteins accumulating in neurodegenerative diseases.

Organ- and function-specific anatomical organization of vagal fibers supports fascicular vagus nerve stimulation.

Vagal fibers travel inside fascicles and form branches to innervate organs and regulate organ functions. Existing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapies activate vagal fibers non-selectively, often resulting in reduced efficacy and side effects from non-targeted organs. The transverse and longitudinal arrangement of fibers inside the vagal trunk with respect to the functions they mediate and organs they innervate is unknown, however it is crucial for selective VNS.

Microplastic pollution in Bangladesh: Research and management needs.

Microplastics are omnipresent in the terrestrial and aquatic environment, and are considered as a potentially serious threat to the biodiversity and ecosystem. Pollution of plastic debris and microplastics in the inland and marine environment has raised concerns in Bangladesh, which is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. This review summarizes the research progress on separation and characterization of microplastics, as well as their occurrence and sources in Bangladesh.

Optineurin Deficiency and Insufficiency Lead to Higher Microglial TDP-43 Protein Levels.

Mutations in optineurin, a ubiquitin-binding adaptor protein, cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons linked to chronic inflammation and protein aggregation. The majority of ALS patients, including those carrying the optineurin mutations, exhibit cytoplasmic mislocalization, ubiquitination, and aggregation of nuclear TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43). To address the crosstalk between optineurin and TDP-43, we generated optineurin knockout (KO) neuronal and microglial cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach.

Dysbiosis of Oral and Gut Microbiomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients in Bangladesh: Elucidating the Role of Opportunistic Gut Microbes.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The microbes inhabiting the oral cavity and gut might play crucial roles in maintaining a favorable gut environment, and their relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severity is yet to be fully explored. This study investigates the diversity and species richness of gut and oral microbiota of patients with COVID-19, and their possible implications toward the severity of the patient's illness and clinical outcomes.

Genome Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Sublineage B.1.617.2 Strains from 12 Children in Chattogram, Bangladesh.

We announce the complete genome sequences of 12 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sublineage B.1.617.

Capacity development and safety measures for health care workers exposed to COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Background: The safety of health care workers (HCWs) in Bangladesh and the factors associated with getting COVID-19 have been infrequently studied. The aim of this study was to address this gap by assessing the capacity development and safety measures of HCWs in Bangladesh who have been exposed to COVID-19 and by identifying the factors associated with respondents' self-reported participation in capacity development trainings and their safety practices.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on an online survey of 811 HCWs working at 39 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in Bangladesh.

The pleiotropic roles of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapy.

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway and the main clearance route of many toxic protein aggregates. The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests in the form of protein aggregates-extracellular amyloid-β depositions and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Perturbations at different steps of the autophagy pathway observed in cellular and animal models of AD might contribute to amyloid-β and tau accumulation.

A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly became a global pandemic. This study aimed to investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) -associated epidemiology and clinical outcomes in Bangladesh in order to understand the future course of the COVID-19 pandemic and develop approaches to prevention. A cross-sectional study based on retrospective interviews was conducted on 1021 individuals with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 admitted in six different hospitals in Bangladesh and who recovered 4 weeks before the interview date.

Clinical characteristics and short term outcomes after recovery from COVID-19 in patients with and without diabetes in Bangladesh.

Background And Aims: This study investigated the clinical manifestations, outcomes and long-term complications of COVID-19 inpatients in southern part of Bangladesh while emphasizing on individuals having diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a sample of COVID-19 inpatients across four different hospitals of Bangladesh between April 1and June 30, 2020. Variation in clinical characteristics, contact history, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and immediate post COVID complications were investigated.

Potential use of waste: the phytotoxic activity of the waste and its identified compounds.

The phytotoxic potential of the leaves and twigs of , discarded in the mat-making industry against four test plants (lettuce ( L.), rapeseed ( L.), foxtail fescue ( (L.

Phytotoxic Activity and Identification of Phytotoxic Substances from .

The phytotoxic potential of plants and their constituents against other plants is being increasingly investigated as a possible alternative to synthetic herbicides to control weeds in crop fields. In this study, we explored the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of , a perennial wetland shrub native to Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Leaf extracts of exerted strong phytotoxicity against two dicot species, alfalfa and cress, and two monocot species, barnyard grass and Italian ryegrass.

Garcienone, a Novel Compound Involved in Allelopathic Activity of Hook.

Plants are sources of diversified allelopathic substances that can be investigated for use in eco-friendly and efficient herbicides. An aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of exhibited strong inhibitory activity against barnyard grass ( (L.) P.

Gene action and heterosis in F clonal progenies of cassava for β-Carotene and farmers' preferred traits.

Gene action and heterosis provides information to assist breeder for selecting and generating improved plant recombinants. This study aimed at determining the gene action of selected cassava traits. The F clones exhibited considerable phenotypic variability between families and offsprings.

Biomass Fuel Smoke and Tuberculosis: A Case-Control Study.

This case control study was done to ascertain the association between exposures to biomass cooking fuel smoke and pulmonary tuberculosis. Cases were all newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, randomly collected from the Hospital (DOTS centers) Registry from January 2012 to June 2012 from two Upazillas of Sirajganj district, Bangladesh. A home visitation program was done subsequently.

Status of Serum Zinc in Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis.

Zinc plays a vital role in the immune status. Its deficiency affects host defense by reducing the number of circulating T cells and phagocytosis activity of other cells which ultimately impair cell mediated immunity. The cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in the causation of pulmonary tuberculosis.