The Utility of Superselective Rotational Angiography for Frameless Stereotactic Navigation During Craniotomy for Micro-Arteriovenous Malformation.

Background: Micro-arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can present challenges to neurosurgeons with respect to localization during resection. We sought to describe a novel method that merges super-selective 3-dimensional angiographic images with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences to facilitate frameless stereotaxic navigation during AVM surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed comprising cases that employed merging of angiographic and MRI images for navigation purposes.