Potential for Front of Pack Labeling Exposure to Impact US Dietary Choices: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES 2017-2018.

In recent years, front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPL) schemes have proliferated, but the components of the diet subject to FOPL have not been described. This study quantified the proportion and elements of the diet that would be subject to FOPL in the US. The 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( = 7121; age ≥2 year) 24-h dietary recalls were used to identify foods/beverages subject to FOPL.

Dispersal of female and male Aedes aegypti from discarded container habitats using a stable isotope mark-capture study design in South Texas.

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. A key feature for disease transmission modeling and vector control planning is adult mosquito dispersal. We studied Ae aegypti adult dispersal by conducting a mark-capture study of naturally occurring Ae.

Stable Isotope Marking of Laboratory-Reared Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

The use of stable isotope enrichment to mark mosquitoes has provided a tool to study the biology of vector species. In this study, we evaluated isotopic marking of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in a laboratory setting.

Amid fields of rubble, scars, and lost gear, signs of recovery observed on seamounts on 30- to 40-year time scales.

Although the expectation of lack of resilience of seamount vulnerable marine ecosystems has become a paradigm in seamount ecology and a tenet of fisheries management, recovery has not been tested on time scales >10 years. The Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge and Emperor Seamounts have experienced the highest documented fish and invertebrate seamount fisheries takes in the world. Surveys show that, despite visible evidence of substantial historic fishing pressure, a subset of these seamounts that have been protected for >30 years showed multiple signs of recovery including corals regrowing from fragments and higher abundances of benthic megafauna than Still Trawled sites.

Laboratory evaluation of stable isotope labeling of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for adult dispersal studies.

Background: Stable isotope labeling is a promising method for use in insect mark-capture and dispersal studies. Culicoides biting midges, which transmit several important animal pathogens, including bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), are small flies that develop in various semi-aquatic habitats. Previous Culicoides dispersal studies have suffered from the limitations of other labeling techniques, and an inability to definitively connect collected adult midges to specific immature development sites.

Christ-Focused Service-Learning: Learning to Receive Ministry in Humility.

Service-learning is an experiential process of action and reflection that allows students to expand their knowledge through real-world activities that benefit others. Service-learning opportunities for baccalaureate nursing students in Kenya have provided many ongoing examples of learning from our Kenyan collaborators. Receiving ministry from those we came to serve, allows allows us, in turn, to demonstrate Christ's humility.

Uptake and distribution of organo-iodine in deep-sea corals.

Understanding iodine concentration, transport, and bioavailability is essential in evaluating iodine's impact to the environment and its effectiveness as an environmental biogeotracer. While iodine and its radionuclides have proven to be important tracers in geologic and biologic studies, little is known about transport of this element to the deep sea and subsequent uptake in deep-sea coral habitats. Results presented here on deep-sea black coral iodine speciation and iodine isotope variability provides key information on iodine behavior in natural and anthropogenic environments, and its geochemical pathway in the Gulf of Mexico.

Defying Dissolution: Discovery of Deep-Sea Scleractinian Coral Reefs in the North Pacific.

Deep-sea scleractinian coral reefs are protected ecologically and biologically significant areas that support global fisheries. The absence of observations of deep-sea scleractinian reefs in the Central and Northeast Pacific, combined with the shallow aragonite saturation horizon (ASH) and high carbonate dissolution rates there, fueled the hypothesis that reef formation in the North Pacific was improbable. Despite this, we report the discovery of live scleractinian reefs on six seamounts of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount Chain at depths of 535-732 m and aragonite saturation state (Ω) values of 0.

Dispersal of male and female Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes using stable isotope enrichment.

The dispersal patterns of mosquito vectors are important drivers of vector-borne infectious disease dynamics and understanding movement patterns is pivotal to devise successful intervention strategies. Here, we investigate the dispersal patterns of two globally important mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, by marking naturally-occurring larvae with stable isotopes (13C or 15N). Marked individuals were captured with 32 CDC light trap, 32 gravid trap, and 16 BG Sentinel at different locations within two-kilometer radii of six larval habitats enriched with either 13C or 15N.

Exploration of the Canyon-Incised Continental Margin of the Northeastern United States Reveals Dynamic Habitats and Diverse Communities.

The continental margin off the northeastern United States (NEUS) contains numerous, topographically complex features that increase habitat heterogeneity across the region. However, the majority of these rugged features have never been surveyed, particularly using direct observations. During summer 2013, 31 Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV) dives were conducted from 494 to 3271 m depth across a variety of seafloor features to document communities and to infer geological processes that produced such features.

Comparison of DNA and Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope-based Techniques for Identification of Prior Vertebrate Hosts of Ticks.

Identification of the vertebrate hosts upon which hematophagous arthropods feed provides key information for understanding the ecology and transmission of vector-borne diseases. Bloodmeal analysis of ticks presents unique challenges relative to other vectors, given the long interval between bloodmeal acquisition and host-seeking, during which DNA degradation occurs. This study evaluates DNA-based and stable isotope-based bloodmeal analysis methodologies for the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Linneaus, 1758), in an experimental study with chicken as the known host.

Extreme longevity in proteinaceous deep-sea corals.

Deep-sea corals are found on hard substrates on seamounts and continental margins worldwide at depths of 300 to approximately 3,000 m. Deep-sea coral communities are hotspots of deep ocean biomass and biodiversity, providing critical habitat for fish and invertebrates. Newly applied radiocarbon age dates from the deep water proteinaceous corals Gerardia sp.

Effects of lysosomal membrane protein depletion on the Salmonella-containing vacuole.

Salmonella is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates within a membrane-bound vacuole in host cells. The major lysosomal membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LAMP-1 and LAMP-2) are recruited to the Salmonella-containing vacuole as well as Salmonella- associated filaments (Sifs) that emerge from the vacuole. LAMP-1 is a dominant membrane marker for the vacuole and Sifs.

The Salmonella virulence protein SifA is a G protein antagonist.

Salmonella's success at proliferating intracellularly and causing disease depends on the translocation of a major virulence protein, SifA, into the host cell. SifA recruits membranes enriched in lysosome associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and is needed for growth of Salmonella induced filaments (Sifs) and the Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV). It directly binds a host protein called SKIP (SifA and kinesin interacting protein) which is critical for membrane stability and motor dynamics at the SCV.

Increased superoxide generation is associated with pulmonary hypertension in fetal lambs: a role for NADPH oxidase.

Ligation of the ductus arteriosus in utero produces pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in fetal and newborn lambs. However, the mechanisms producing these vascular changes are not well defined. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of smooth muscle cell proliferation, we hypothesized that increased formation of ROS may be involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension after in utero ductal ligation.

Identification of chicken and C. elegans fibulin-1 homologs and characterization of the C. elegans fibulin-1 gene.

Fibulin-1, a member of the emerging family of fibulin proteins, is a component of elastic extracellular matrix fibers, basement membranes and blood. Homologs of fibulin-1 have been described in man, mouse and zebrafish. In this study, we describe the isolation and sequencing of chicken fibulin-1C and D cDNA variants.

The association of human fibulin-1 with elastic fibers: an immunohistological, ultrastructural, and RNA study.

We examined the pattern of fibulin-1 mRNA and protein expression in human tissues and cell lines. Fibulin-1 transcripts were found in RNA isolated from most tissues and a variety of cultured cells, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and several epithelial cell lines, but not endothelial cells, lymphomyloid cells, or a number of carcinoma and melanoma lines. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that fibulin-1 is an intercellular component of connective tissues, predominantly associated with matrix fibers in tissues such as the cervix, dermis, intimal and medial layers of blood vessels, heart valves, meningeal tissue of the brain, Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord, testis, and lung.

Transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein-2 act by distinct mechanisms to promote chick limb cartilage differentiation in vitro.

A number of studies suggest that several members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of peptide growth factors may be involved in the regulation of cartilage differentiation. It has been previously reported that TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 promote the chondrogenic differentiation of chick limb mesenchymal cells in high density micromass cultures (Kulyk et al. [1989a] Dev.

Evidence for endogenous proteases, mRNA level and insulin as multiple mechanisms of N-cadherin down-regulation during retinal development.

Our previous studies of the role of cell adhesion in retinal development have focused on the expression and function of N-cadherin, the predominant calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion protein of neural tissues. During the course of retinal development, N-cadherin expression undergoes significant qualitative and quantitative changes in its pattern of expression, most prominently a sharp down-regulation of expression throughout most of the retina. The present studies were directed at investigating the epigenetic mechanisms that could mediate this loss of N-cadherin from the retina.