Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Glu545Lys and His1047Tyr Mutations are not Associated with T2D.

Background: Insulin resistance initiated in peripheral tissues induces type 2 diabetes (T2D). It occurs when insulin signaling is impaired.

Introduction: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) are important for insulin signaling.

Managing diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease.

Diabetes and chronic liver disease (CLD) are common long-term conditions in the developed and developing world. The 2 conditions often coexist, and there is evidence to suggest that diabetes can have a significant adverse effect on patients with CLD, leading to increased complications and premature mortality. While diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) appear to have common origins related to obesity and insulin resistance, diabetes is also common among patients with alcoholic and viral CLD.