T1b gallbladder cancer: is extended resection warranted?

Background: Although the prognosis for gallbladder cancer (GBCA) improves with early diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment, the management of patients with muscle layer invasion (T1b) remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the optimal surgical approach for these patients.

Methods: A database was queried for patients with early T1b GBCA treated at four Chilean hospitals.

Exporters' risk perceptions during covid times: a study with Colombian and Brazilian SMEs.

The present study aims to provide an initial highlight on risk perceptions of exporting SMEs from Latin America during the covid-19 pandemic. A sample of Colombian and Brazilian companies was analyzed using 24 scenarios based on 8 risk types: contamination risk, exchange rate risk, trade risks, logistics and operations risks, risk of policy and regulation changes, credit risk, supplier-related risks, buyer-related risks and employee-related risks. Results show significant differences between countries as well as a highly distinction between 2020 and 2021 perceptions of threat, impact, loss, and likelihood.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation (ALPPS): A two staged procedure, in Bogotá Colombia. Case report and literature review.

Introduction: For liver tumors (primary or metastases), surgery combined with neoadjuvant, or adjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment of choice, offering long term survival time and disease-free time period (Alvarez et al., 2012) Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation, or ALPPS, it's a surgical technique that increases the future liver remnant in a short period of time, trying to avoid postoperative liver failure (PLF), and achieving R0 resections in liver malignant tumors (Alvarez et al., 2012).

A New Pipeline for Designing Phage Cocktails Based on Phage-Bacteria Infection Networks.

In recent years, the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and efforts to preserve food microbiota have induced renewed interest in phage therapy. Phage cocktails, instead of a single phage, are commonly used as antibacterial agents since the hosts are unlikely to become resistant to several phages simultaneously. While the spectrum of activity might increase with cocktail complexity, excessive phages could produce side effects, such as the horizontal transfer of genes that augment the fitness of host strains, dysbiosis or high manufacturing costs.

Gallbladder cancer who is really cured?

Background: Although gallbladder cancer (GBCA) is characterized by a dismal prognosis, there is a proportion of patients who are cured. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of these patients.

Methods: A database was queried for patients who underwent curative resection with a follow-up of at least 5 years.

Corrigendum: Diversity and Local Coadaptation of and Coliphages From Small Ruminants.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Diversity and Local Coadaptation of and Coliphages From Small Ruminants.

Bacteriophages are highly specific predators that drive bacterial diversity through coevolution while striking tradeoffs among preserving host populations for long-term exploitation and increasing their virulence, structural stability, or host range. and other coliform bacteria present in the microbiota of milk and during early ripening of raw milk cheeses have been linked to the production of gas, manifested by the appearance of eyes, and the development of off-flavors; thus, they might cause early blowing and cheese spoilage. Here, we report the characterization of coliphages isolated from manure from small ruminant farms and strains isolated from goat and sheep raw milk cheese.

Obesity, salivary glands and oral pathology.

Obesity has reached pandemic proportions in recent years. Not only adults suffer from the disease, but increasingly children and young people. One of the main causes of overweight and obesity is excessive food intake, in particular heavily processed carbohydrates.

Juxtaoral organ: an anatomical finding to be considered.

The juxtaoral organ (JOO) is a vestigial anatomical structure which is not usuallydescribed in lectures and classic texts of general histology and oral histology, despiteit being included in the "Terminologia Histologica: International terms for humancytology and histology". Although there is evidence about its histological structure,there are no macroscopic anatomical reports about it. We report the finding ofa structure of glandular macroscopic appearance in a horizontal section of a plastinatedhuman head belonging to the Morphology Laboratory of the Department ofBiomedical Basic Sciences at the University of Talca.

Early blowing in raw goats' milk cheese: gas production capacity of Enterobacteriaceae species present during manufacturing and ripening.

The aim of this study was to identify the main Enterobacteriaceae species responsible for early gas blowing during curdling and the first week of ripening in raw goats' milk cheese. Two batches of raw goats' milk cheese were selected. One of them showed early blowing within the first 24 h of cheese ripening while the other showed no alteration.

Laparoscopic management of incidental gallbladder cancer.

Background: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy has allowed the detection of an increasing number of incidental gallbladder cancers (IGBC). Although laparoscopy is employed in the management of a variety of abdominal tumors, its use in gallbladder cancer is reduced and controversial. This study analyzes the role of laparoscopy in gallbladder cancer with the focus in IGBC.

Expression of teneurins is associated with tumor differentiation and patient survival in ovarian cancer.

Teneurins are a family of highly conserved pair-rule proteins involved in morphogenesis and development of the central nervous system. Their function in adult tissues and in disease is largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests a role for dysregulated expression of Teneurins in human tumors, but systematic investigations are missing.

Somatic Mutations of PI3K in Early and Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: Additional Options for an Orphan Cancer.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the second-leading cause of death from malignant tumors in Chilean women. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in proliferation, cell survival, and growth. We investigated mutations in exons 9 and 20 of the PI3K gene in GBC.

Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene pten in early and advanced gallbladder cancer.

Background: PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates the PTEN/PI3k/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is frequently altered in human cancers including gallbladder cancer (GBC). To determine the frequency of PTEN expression in GBC and to establish its relation to clinical and morphological parameters and survival in GBC.

Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of PTEN was studied in 108 GBC.

Improved detection of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria by multiplex PCR.

Background: The presence of coliform bacteria is routinely assessed to establish the microbiological safety of water supplies and raw or processed foods. Coliforms are a group of lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae, which most likely acquired the lacZ gene by horizontal transfer and therefore constitute a polyphyletic group. Among this group of bacteria is Escherichia coli, the pathogen that is most frequently associated with foodborne disease outbreaks and is often identified by β-glucuronidase enzymatic activity or by the redundant detection of uidA by PCR.

Gallbladder cancer in Chile: what have we learned?

Purpose Of Review: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) should be considered an orphan disease in oncology and represent a unique carcinogenetic model. This review will analyse some of the current aspects of GBC.

Recent Findings: Chile has the highest incidence and mortality of GBC in the world.

Salt influence on surface microorganisms and ripening of soft ewe cheese.

The effect of different brining treatments on salt uptake and diffusion during the first 30 d of ripening was determined in soft ewe cheese. Additionally, salt influence on surface microorganisms and physicochemical parameters was evaluated. Cheeses were placed into different brine solutions (14, 18 and 24°Bé) at 5 and 10 °C for 1, 2 or 3 h.

[BRAF gene mutation in wild-type KRAS patients with colorectal cancers].

Background: In colorectal cancer, BRAF and KRAS mutation are mutually exclusive, but both are independent prognostic factors for the disease.

Aim: To determine the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation in colorectal cancer.

Material And Methods: A KRAS mutation study was carried out in 100 tissue samples of primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of colon and rectum from patients aged 61.

Tumor location is a strong predictor of tumor progression and survival in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicenter study.

Objective: To determine the prognostic impact of tumor location in gallbladder cancer.

Background: Depth of tumor is a strong predictor of survival after curative resection of gallbladder cancer. However, the gallbladder has a unique anatomical relationship with the liver, and the clinical significance of tumor location remains unclear.

Overexpression of the HER2/neu Gene: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Patients With Advanced Gallbladder Cancer.

Background: The HER2/neu gene is a proto-oncogene that can predict the response to treatment with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and lapatinib. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of HER2/neu overexpression and to identify a subgroup of patients with gallbladder cancer who would benefit from targeted therapy.

Methods: Patients with gallbladder cancer (n = 187; 165 women and 22 men) with a recorded follow-up of at least 5 years were included, along with control subjects (n = 75).

[Quality of DNA from archival pathological samples of gallbladder cancer].

Background: The quality of the archival samples stored at pathology services could be a limiting factor for molecular biology studies.

Aim: To determine the quality of DNA extracted from gallbladder cancer samples at different institutions.

Material And Methods: One hundred ninety four samples coming from five medical centers in Chile, were analyzed.

[HER2 gene amplification and overexpression in advanced gastric cancer].

Background: Overexpression/amplification of the HER2 gene in advanced gastric cancer is a predictor of response to adjuvant therapy with monoclonal antibodies.

Aim: To determine the frequency of HER2 gene overexpression and amplification in advanced gastric cancer.

Material And Methods: One hundred nine advanced gastric cancer biopsy specimens, from 76 men and 33 women aged 67 ± 14 and 62 ± 12 years respectively, were selected.