Dimensions of early life adversity and cognitive processing of emotion in youth.

Background: Early life adversity (ELA) is a leading risk factor for psychopathology. The Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP) elucidates processes altered by ELA and central to this association. Specifically, DMAP posits early experiences of deprivation alter cognitive and emotional processes in ways distinct from early experiences of threat.

Osteocalcin: A novel biomarker of adolescent psychopathology.

Osteocalcin is a bone-derived hormone implicated in the acute stress response and recently linked to adult depression. Yet it is unclear whether osteocalcin is a biomarker of other forms of psychopathology and whether osteocalcin-psychopathology associations emerge during developmentally sensitive periods earlier in life. Thus, in the current pilot study we examined salivary osteocalcin and psychiatric symptoms and disorders among 48 early adolescents during a period of stress.

Communication modality matters: Co-rumination via in-person versus digital modalities has different prospective associations with depression and friendship quality.

Introduction: Co-rumination is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy in which negative feelings and problems are discussed perseveratively with another person. Although co-rumination is salient in adolescence, research to date has focused on co-rumination occurring in person and has not kept pace with the surge in digital communication that begins in adolescence. This study examined the degree, associations among, and consequences (i.

Patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms in early adolescence.

In children and adults, individual differences in patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; i.e., interactions between resting RSA and RSA reactivity to stress) have emerged as a central predictor of internalizing symptoms.

Predicting recurrence of major depressive episodes using the Depression Implicit Association Test: A Canadian biomarker integration network in depression (CAN-BIND) report.

Identifying clinically relevant predictors of depressive recurrence following treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is critical for relapse prevention. Implicit self-depressed associations (SDAs), defined as implicit cognitive associations between elements of depression (e.g.

Do markers of daily affect mediate associations between interpretation bias and depressive symptoms? A longitudinal study of early adolescents.

Introduction: Early adolescence represents a time of heightened vulnerability for depression. Negative interpretation biases have been associated with increases in depressive symptoms during this developmental period; however, the mechanisms underlying the association between interpretation biases and depression remain poorly understood. Cognitive theories posit that interpretation biases give rise to depression by modulating daily affect, particularly in the context of stress.

Discordance Indices of Stress Sensitivity and Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence.

Psychiatric illness in adolescence is associated with long-term impairments, making it critical to identify predictors of adolescent psychiatric distress. Individual differences in stress sensitivity could be associated with longitudinal trajectories of internalizing symptoms. Historically, researchers have operationalized stress sensitivity by assessing either objective or subjective responses to stress.

Risk and protective factors for stress generation: A meta-analytic review.

The stress generation hypothesis suggests that some individuals contribute more than others to the occurrence of dependent (self-generated), but not independent (fateful), stressful life events. This phenomenon is commonly studied in relation to psychiatric disorders, but effects are also driven by underlying psychological processes that extend beyond the boundaries of DSM-defined entities. This meta-analytic review of modifiable risk and protective factors for stress generation synthesizes findings from 70 studies with 39,693 participants (483 total effect sizes) from over 30 years of research.

The vicious cycle of psychopathology and stressful life events: A meta-analytic review testing the stress generation model.

Stress generation theory initially posited that depression elevates risk for some stressful events (i.e., dependent events) but not others (i.

Attentional Biases and their Push and Pull with Rumination and Co-Rumination is Based on Depressive Symptoms: a Prospective Study of Adolescents.

Emotion regulation (ER) is central to adolescent mental health and wellbeing. However, the mechanisms underlying two common ER strategies - rumination and its interpersonal counterpart, co-rumination - are insufficiently understood in youth. Past research has documented that attentional disengagement biases are associated with rumination in adults, particularly among individuals with elevated depressive symptoms.

Advances in stress and depression research.

Purpose Of Review: Stress plays a central role in the onset and course of depression. However, only a subset of people who encounter stressful life events go on to experience a depressive episode. The current review highlights recent advances in understanding when, why, and for whom the stress-depression link occurs, and we identify avenues for future research.

Interpersonal emotion regulation flexibility: Effects on affect in daily life.

Although the emotion regulation (ER) literature is vast, two emerging areas are particularly noteworthy. First, as opposed to the traditional blanket characterization of ER strategies as adaptive or maladaptive, theoretical models have highlighted the adaptability of greater ER flexibility (i.e.

The Association of Emotion Regulation Flexibility and Negative and Positive Affect in Daily Life.

Unlabelled: In contrast to traditional classifications of emotion regulation (ER) strategies as either uniformly maladaptive or adaptive, recent theoretical models emphasize that adaptability is determined by greater ER (i.e., the ability to flexibly implement and adjust ER strategies based on the context).

Association between discrepancy in objective and subjective cognitive abilities and treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 study report.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by objective and subjective cognitive deficits. Discrepancies between objective and subjective cognitive performance can reflect under- to over-estimations of cognitive abilities, and these discrepancies are referred to as cognitive self-appraisals. Despite evidence that low self-appraisals are associated with depression, the modifiability of self-appraisals and their association with treatment outcome remains unclear.

Emotion regulation and diurnal cortisol: A longitudinal study of early adolescents.

Aberrant patterns of diurnal cortisol, a marker of stress reactivity, predict adverse physical and mental health among adolescents. However, the mechanisms underlying aberrant diurnal cortisol production are poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate, for the first time, whether the core emotion regulation (ER) strategies of rumination (brooding, reflection), reappraisal, and suppression were prospectively associated with individual differences in diurnal cortisol during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of significant stress.

Influence of Gender and Self-Perceived Competence on Psychological Well-Being in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors.

Elucidating factors associated with mental health and well-being among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYAs) is increasingly important as this population continues to grow. Adolescence and young adulthood are critical times for developing self-perceived competencies (SPCs), which may be shaped by the cancer experience and may have different consequences based on the person's gender. We assessed whether gender moderated the association between perceived competencies and mental health in 61 AYAs (51% males; 11-20 years old; diagnosed between 0.

Impact of loneliness on diurnal cortisol in youth.

Loneliness is associated with multiple forms of psychopathology in youth. However, we do not yet know how loneliness gets "under the skin" in ways that may impact the long-term health and development of early adolescents. In particular, loneliness may influence youths' patterns of diurnal cortisol, an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and a central predictor of health across the lifespan.

Co-rumination across in-person and digital communication: Associations with affect and relationship closeness in adolescents.

Introduction: Despite the prominence of interpersonal emotion regulation, particularly during adolescence, it is a relatively understudied area of investigation. Co-rumination is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy that is frequently used by adolescents. Traditional examinations of co-rumination have focused on its occurrence in person, while largely overlooking digital modes of communication.

Childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are associated with theory of mind decoding accuracy in young adults with depression.

The current study is the first to examine the relation of childhood abuse and neglect history to theory of mind decoding accuracy as moderated by depression. Fifty-five young adults with current or lifetime unipolar depression diagnosis and 70 never-depressed young adults completed the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes task,' (RMET). Childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect were assessed with a gold-standard contextual interview with standardized, independent ratings.

Cognitive Distortions, Humor Styles, and Depression.

Cognitive distortions are negative biases in thinking that are theorized to represent vulnerability factors for depression and dysphoria. Despite the emphasis placed on cognitive distortions in the context of cognitive behavioural theory and practice, a paucity of research has examined the mechanisms through which they impact depressive symptomatology. Both adaptive and maladaptive styles of humor represent coping strategies that may mediate the relation between cognitive distortions and depressive symptoms.

Theory of mind in social anxiety disorder, depression, and comorbid conditions.

Social anxiety disorder is characterized by marked interpersonal impairment, particularly when presenting with comorbid major depression. However, the foundational social-cognitive skills that underlie interpersonal impairment in comorbid and non-comorbid manifestations of SAD has to date received very little empirical investigation. In a sample of 119 young adults, the current study examined differences in theory of mind (ToM), defined as the ability to decode and reason about others' mental states, across four groups: (a) non-comorbid SAD; (b) non-comorbid Lifetime MDD; (c) comorbid SAD and Lifetime MDD; and (d) healthy control.

Emotional adjustment over 1 year post-diagnosis in patients with cancer: understanding and predicting adjustment trajectories.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of basic trajectories in emotional adjustment in cancer survivors and identify predictors of long-term change.

Methods: We assessed 421 patients with cancer after diagnosis and 6 and 12 months later. Measures comprised anxiety, depression, perceived support, desired support, and illness intrusiveness.

Measuring symptoms in gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review of assessment instruments.

Purpose: It is critical for gastrointestinal cancer researchers and clinicians to have access to comprehensive, sensitive and simple-to-use symptom measures that allow them to understand and quantify the subjective patient experience. Development and validation of such scales requires training in psychometrics and occasionally uses technical jargon that can be difficult to penetrate. This review evaluates existing measures of gastrointestinal cancer symptoms, provides tool descriptions, and uses predefined, objective quality criteria to rate psychometric quality and facilitate tool choices for researchers and clinicians.

Prospective associations of depression with survival: a population-based cohort study in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Psychological factors may influence survival in breast cancer patients but results of previous research are inconclusive. This prospective population-based study tested whether depression predicts mortality in breast cancer patients. Routinely collected depression screening data were merged with electronically archived provincial cancer registry data and censored data from British Columbia Vital Statistics (extracted in December 2012).