Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis.

There is limited knowledge on diffusing capacity in scoliosis patients. It remains to be determined if impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity is mostly influenced by reduced alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity (D), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (V) or both. This study aims to report findings from dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (D) with quantification of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin with a five s breath-hold (D) and nitric oxide with a five s breath-hold (D), D and V.

Impact of a 12-week high-intensity interval training intervention on cardiac structure and function after COVID-19 at 12-month follow-up.

In patients previously hospitalised for COVID-19, a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention has previously been shown to increase left ventricular mass (LVM) immediately after the intervention. In the present study, we examined the effects of the same HIIT scheme on LVM, pulmonary diffusing capacity, symptom severity and functional capacity at 12-month follow-up. In this investigator-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 12 weeks of a supervised HIIT scheme (4 × 4 min, three times a week) was compared to standard care (control) in patients recently discharged from hospital due to COVID-19.

Maximal respiratory pressure after COVID-19 compared with reference material in healthy adults: A prospective cohort study (The SECURe study).

After COVID-19 long term respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function including maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) have been reported. However, no studies have looked at MIP and MEP in all disease groups and the reference materials collection methods differ substantially. We aimed to determine MIP and MEP in individuals after COVID-19 infection with different disease severity using reference material of healthy control group obtained using the same standardized method.

Test-retest reliability of Doppler ultrasound-based leg blood flow assessments during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Doppler ultrasound may be used to assess leg blood flow ( ), but the reliability of this method remains unexplored in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where between-subject variability may be larger than healthy due to peripheral vascular changes. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of Doppler ultrasound in quantifying during single-leg knee-extensor exercise (KEE) in COPD patients compared with those obtained from healthy matched controls. In this case-control study, 16 participants with COPD were matched based on sex and age with 16 healthy controls.

Exercise-induced changes in left ventricular strain are affected by interleukin-6 activity: An exploratory analysis of a randomised-controlled trial in humans with abdominal obesity.

Whilst the exercise-induced myokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a beneficial role in cardiac structural adaptations, its influence on exercise-induced functional cardiac outcomes remains unknown. We hypothesised that IL-6 activity is required for exercise-induced improvements in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS). In an exploratory study 52 individuals with abdominal obesity were randomised to 12 weeks' high-intensity exercise or no exercise in combination with IL-6 receptor inhibition (IL-6i) or placebo.

Prognostic value of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and ventilation-perfusion SPECT findings in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (D) can be observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associates with increased mortality. However, the prognostic value of D when corrected for haemoglobin (D), an independent modifier of D, remains understudied. Additionally, the prognostic role of ventilation (V)-perfusion (Q) emission computed tomography (V/Q SPECT) findings in patients with PAH, which may concurrently be performed to rule out chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, is uncertain.

Pulmonary blood volume measured by Rb-PET in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary vascular dysfunction and destruction are observable before the onset of detectable emphysema, but it is unknown whether this is associated with central hypovolemia. We investigated if patients with COPD have reduced pulmonary blood volume (PBV) evaluated by Rb-positron emission tomography (PET) at rest and during adenosine-induced hyperemia. This single-center retrospective cohort study assessed 6,301 Rb-PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) examinations performed over a 6-yr period.

Alveolar cytokines and interferon autoantibodies in COVID-19 ARDS.

Background: Type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN autoantibodies play a crucial role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. The levels of these mediators have only rarely been studied in the alveolar compartment in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) but have not been compared across different ARDS etiologies, and the potential effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on these mediators is not known.

Methods: We assessed the integrity of the alveolo-capillary membrane, interleukins, type I, II, and III IFNs, and IFN autoantibodies by studying the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) volumes, alveolar concentration of protein, and ELF-corrected concentrations of cytokines in two patient subgroups and controls.

Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide after COVID-19: A prospective cohort study (the SECURe study).

Many patients exhibit persistently reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, dual test gas diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (D) metrics and their relationship to disease severity and physical performance were examined in patients who previously had COVID-19. An initial cohort of 148 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 of all severities between March 2020 and March 2021 had a D measurement performed using the single-breath method at 5.

Characterization of differences in immune responses during bolus and continuous infusion endotoxin challenges using mathematical modelling.

Endotoxin administration is commonly used to study the inflammatory response, and though traditionally given as a bolus injection, it can be administered as a continuous infusion over multiple hours. Several studies hypothesize that the latter better represents the prolonged and pronounced inflammation observed in conditions like sepsis. Yet very few experimental studies have administered endotoxin using both strategies, leaving significant gaps in determining the underlying mechanisms responsible for their differing immune responses.

Myths and methodologies: Assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation by the mean flow index.

The mean flow index-usually referred to as Mx-has been used for assessing dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) for almost 30 years. However, concerns have arisen regarding methodological consistency, construct and criterion validity, and test-retest reliability. Methodological nuances, such as choice of input (cerebral perfusion pressure, invasive or non-invasive arterial pressure), pre-processing approach and artefact handling, significantly influence mean flow index values, and previous studies correlating mean flow index with other established dCA metrics are confounded by inherent methodological flaws like heteroscedasticity, while the mean flow index also fails to discriminate individuals with presumed intact versus impaired dCA (discriminatory validity), and its prognostic performance (predictive validity) across various conditions remains inconsistent.

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method.

The combined single-breath measurement of the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DL,CO) and nitric oxide (DL,NO) is a useful technique to measure pulmonary alveolar-capillary reserve in both healthy and patient populations. The measurement provides an estimate of the participant's ability to recruit and distend pulmonary capillaries. The method has recently been reported to exhibit a high test-retest reliability in healthy volunteers during exercise of light to moderate intensity.

Ventilation perfusion functional difference images in lung SPECT: A linear and symmetrical scale as an alternative to the ventilation perfusion ratio.

Purpose: Ventilation Perfusion SPECT is important in the diagnostics of e.g. pulmonary embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Doppler Ultrasound-Based Leg Blood Flow Assessment During Single-Leg Knee-Extensor Exercise in an Uncontrolled Setting.

Doppler ultrasound has revolutionized the assessment of organ blood flow and is widely used in research and clinical settings. While Doppler ultrasound-based assessment of contracting leg muscle blood flow is common in human studies, the reliability of this method requires further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the within-day test-retest, between-day test-retest, and inter-rater reliability of Doppler ultrasound for assessing leg blood flow during rest and graded single-leg knee-extensions (0 W, 6 W, 12 W, and 18 W), with the ultrasound probe being removed between measurements.