Low calcium-phosphate intakes modulate the low-protein diet-related effect on peak bone mass acquisition: a hormonal and bone strength determinants study in female growing rats.

Peak bone mass acquisition is influenced by environmental factors including dietary intake. A low-protein diet delays body and skeletal growth in association with a reduction in serum IGF-1 whereas serum FGF21 is increased by selective amino acid deprivation. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) are also key nutrients for skeletal health, and inadequate intakes reduce bone mass accrual in association with calciotropic hormone modulation.

A reference case for economic evaluations in osteoarthritis: an expert consensus article from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).

Background: General recommendations for a reference case for economic studies in rheumatic diseases were published in 2002 in an initiative to improve the comparability of cost-effectiveness studies in the field. Since then, economic evaluations in osteoarthritis (OA) continue to show considerable heterogeneity in methodological approach.

Objectives: To develop a reference case specific for economic studies in OA, including the standard optimal care, with which to judge new pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.

The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women: a consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).

From 50 years of age, postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of developing sarcopenia and osteoporosis as a result of deterioration of musculoskeletal health. Both disorders increase the risk of falls and fractures. The risk of developing sarcopenia and osteoporosis may be attenuated through healthy lifestyle changes, which include adequate dietary protein, calcium and vitamin D intakes, and regular physical activity/exercise, besides hormone replacement therapy when appropriate.

Management of osteoporosis of the oldest old.

Unlabelled: This consensus article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in geriatric populations. Specifically, it reviews the risk assessment and intervention thresholds, the impact of nutritional deficiencies, fall prevention strategies, pharmacological treatments and their safety considerations, the risks of sub-optimal treatment adherence and strategies for its improvement.

Introduction: This consensus article reviews the therapeutic strategies and management options for the treatment of osteoporosis of the oldest old.

Epidemiology and economic burden of osteoporosis in Switzerland.

Unlabelled: This report describes the epidemiology, economic burden and treatment of osteoporosis in Switzerland.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and disruption of bone architecture, resulting in increased risks of fragility fractures which represent the main clinical consequence of the disease. Fragility fractures are associated with substantial pain and suffering, disability and even death for the affected patients and substantial costs to society.

An algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis in Europe and internationally: a report from a task force of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).

Objectives: Existing practice guidelines for osteoarthritis (OA) analyze the evidence behind each proposed treatment but do not prioritize the interventions in a given sequence. The objective was to develop a treatment algorithm recommendation that is easier to interpret for the prescribing physician based on the available evidence and that is applicable in Europe and internationally. The knee was used as the model OA joint.

Normal masticatory function partially protects the rat mandibular bone from estrogen-deficiency induced osteoporosis.

Background/aim: In a previous study we showed that mandibular alveolar (trabecular) bone appears to be less sensitive to estrogen deficiency than the proximal tibia spongiosa. We hypothesized that the mechanical loading of the alveolar process during mastication may protect the alveolar bone from the detrimental effects observed in other skeletal sites. To test this hypothesis we compared the effect of ovariectomy on the mandibular alveolar bone and the proximal tibia spongiosa of rats fed either a normal (hard) or a soft diet.

The role of teriparatide in sequential and combination therapy of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is complicated by the occurrence of fragility fractures. Over past years, various treatment options have become available, mostly potent antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. However, antiresorptive therapy cannot fully and rapidly restore bone mass and structure that has been lost because of increased remodelling.

Tracking of environmental determinants of bone structure and strength development in healthy boys: an eight-year follow up study on the positive interaction between physical activity and protein intake from prepuberty to mid-late adolescence.

High protein (> median:Hprot) vs. moderate (< median:MProt) intake was shown to enhance the positive impact of high physical activity (HPA) on proximal femur BMC/aBMD/Area in healthy prepubertal boys. We tested the hypothesis that this synergistic effect would track and influence bone structure and strength until mid-adolescence.

Dairy products, yogurts, and bone health.

Fracture risk is determined by bone mass, geometry, and microstructure, which result from peak bone mass (the amount attained at the end of pubertal growth) and from the amount of bone lost subsequently. Nutritional intakes are an important environmental factor that influence both bone mass accumulation during childhood and adolescence and bone loss that occurs in later life. Bone growth is influenced by dietary intake, particularly of calcium and protein.

[Osteoporosis].

The quality of the management of patients with osteoporosis varies by country. The recommendations of the Swiss Association against osteoporosis propose intervention thresholds based on the results of the FRAX tool. Despite increasing number of observational studies with several hundred thousands of patients, it is not possible to conclude to a clear increased risk of cardiovascular disease with calcium intakes.

An unusual case of hypercortisolism with multiple weight-bearing bone fractures.

Glucocorticoid excess, either from exogenous exposure or through endogenous overproduction, is a common cause of secondary osteoporosis. We report a 52-year-old woman presenting with multiple stress fractures of the lower extremities, despite various osteoporosis therapeutic regimens. Investigations led to the diagnosis of hypercortisolism of pituitary origin.

Republished: Value of biomarkers in osteoarthritis: current status and perspectives.

Osteoarthritis affects the whole joint structure with progressive changes in cartilage, menisci, ligaments and subchondral bone, and synovial inflammation. Biomarkers are being developed to quantify joint remodelling and disease progression. This article was prepared following a working meeting of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis convened to discuss the value of biochemical markers of matrix metabolism in drug development in osteoarthritis.

High bone density in adolescents with obesity is related to fat mass and serum leptin concentrations.

Objectives: Obesity has been associated with increased bone mass, but the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. We aimed to explore the relation between bone mineral density and factors known to influence bone formation in obese and lean adolescents.

Methods: We recruited 24 obese and 25 lean adolescents in a case-control study.

Sarcopenia: burden and challenges for public health.

Sarcopenia, operationally defined as the loss of muscle mass and muscle function, is a major health condition associated with ageing, and contributes to many components of public health at both the patient and the societal levels. Currently, no consensual definition of sarcopenia exists and therefore it is still a challenge to establish the actual prevalence of sarcopenia or to establish the direct and indirect impacts of sarcopenia on public health. Anyway, this geriatric syndrome represents a huge potential public health issue because of its multiple clinical and societal consequences.

Correction of vitamin D insufficiency with combined strontium ranelate and vitamin D3 in osteoporotic patients.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral fixed-dose combination of strontium ranelate 2  g/vitamin D₃ 1000  IU daily vs strontium ranelate 2  g daily for correcting vitamin D insufficiency in osteoporosis.

Design: A 6-month international, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 study.

Methods: A total of 518 men and postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years with primary osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.

Effect of music-based multitask training on cognition and mood in older adults.

Background: in a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, we investigated whether 6 months of music-based multitask training had beneficial effects on cognitive functioning and mood in older adults.

Methods: 134 community-dwellers aged ≥65 years at increased risk for falling were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 66) who attended once weekly 1-h supervised group classes of multitask exercises, executed to the rhythm of piano music, or a control group with delayed intervention (n = 68) who maintained usual lifestyle habits, for 6 months. A short neuropsychological test battery was administered by an intervention-blinded neuropsychologist at baseline and Month 6, including the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the clock-drawing test, the frontal assessment battery (FAB) and the hospital anxiety (HADS-A) and depression scale.

Cancer-associated bone disease.

Bone is commonly affected in cancer. Cancer-induced bone disease results from the primary disease, or from therapies against the primary condition, causing bone fragility. Bone-modifying agents, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, are efficacious in preventing and delaying cancer-related bone disease.

A critical pathway for the management of elderly inpatients with malnutrition: effects on serum insulin-like growth factor-I.

Background: Several guidelines recommend systematic screening for malnutrition in elderly inpatients for early dietary intakes assessment and treatment, but data demonstrating the efficacy of such interventions are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate a critical medical pathway for the detection and management of malnutrition in elderly inpatients.

Methods: In a 3-month prospective controlled study, 694 recently admitted inpatients were assigned to an intervention group (critical medical pathway; n=465) or a standard care control group (n=229).

Risedronate slows or partly reverses cortical and trabecular microarchitectural deterioration in postmenopausal women.

During early menopause, steady-state bone remodeling is perturbed; the number of basic multicellular units (BMUs) excavating cavities upon the endosteal surface exceeds the number (generated before menopause) concurrently refilling. Later in menopause, steady-state is restored; the many BMUs generated in early menopause refill as similarly large numbers of BMUs concurrently excavate new cavities. We hypothesized that risedronate reduces the number of cavities excavated.

Nutrition and bone health: turning knowledge and beliefs into healthy behaviour.

Primary osteoporosis prevention requires healthy behaviours, such as regular physical exercise and adequate dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin D and protein. Calcium and vitamin D can decrease postmenopausal bone loss and prevent fracture risk. However, there is still a high prevalence of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency in women aged 50+ years.

SCOPE: a scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe.

Summary: The scorecard summarises key indicators of the burden of osteoporosis and its management in each of the member states of the European Union. The resulting scorecard elements were then assembled on a single sheet to provide a unique overview of osteoporosis in Europe.

Introduction: The scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe (SCOPE) is an independent project that seeks to raise awareness of osteoporosis care in Europe.