The Pathology of Intestinal Mucosal Disruption; Implications for Muscle Loss and Physical Dependency from Late Adolescence to Octogenarians.

Background And Objectives: A pathological increase in intestinal permeability causes muscle loss and physical decline by inducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, most relevant studies investigate older adults, and the appropriate data across age spans remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the associations of intestinal permeability with muscle loss and physical decline across a large span of ages.

Probiotics' supplementation alleviates disease severity and improves postural balance by repairing intestinal leak in patients suffering from osteoarthritis: a double-blinded clinical trial.

Increased intestinal leakiness and associated systemic inflammation are potential contributors to osteoarthritis (OA) and postural imbalance in the geriatric population. To date, no successful treatment to correct postural imbalance in OA is known. We aimed to explore the effects of a multistrain probiotic upon postural imbalance in OA-affected patients.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors attenuate circulating CAF22 and physical decline in congestive heart failure: Diagnostic implications of CAF22.

Aims: Age-associated muscle loss, termed sarcopenia is the major cause of physical disability in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are commonly used to treat CHF patients; however, their impacts on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and sarcopenia in CHF patients remain poorly understood. We aim to investigate the potential impact of ACEi on NMJ and CHF-induced sarcopenia.

Nanoparticle-delivered quercetin exhibits enhanced efficacy in eliminating iron-overloaded senescent chondrocytes.

The therapeutic potential of senolytic drugs in osteoarthritis (OA) is poorly known. Quercetin, a senolytic agent exhibits promising potential to treat OA, having limited bioavailability. We investigated the effects of Quercetin-loaded nanoparticles (Q-NP) with enhanced bioavailability in human chondrocytes mimicking OA phenotype.

Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2: A unique target for skeletal muscle and cardiometabolic diseases.

Myopathy leads to skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration which is a major cause of physical disability and heart failure. Despite the therapeutic advancement the prevalence of particularly cardiac diseases is rising at an alarming rate and novel therapeutic targets are required. Nicotinamide riboside kinase-2 (NRK-2 or NMRK2) is a muscle-specific β1-integrin binding protein abundantly expressed in the skeletal muscle while only a trace amount is detected in the healthy cardiac muscle.

Metformin effects on plasma zonulin levels correlate with enhanced physical performance in osteoarthritis patients with diabetes.

Purpose: Metformin (MTF) shows promise in protecting against physical decline in osteoarthritis (OA), but how it works remains unclear. We studied MTF's effects on gut permeability and its link to physical performance in OA patients.

Methods: We studied four groups: control (n = 72), OA non-diabetic (n = 58), OA diabetic on MTF (n = 55), and OA diabetic on other anti-diabetics (n = 57).

Gut matters in microgravity: potential link of gut microbiota and its metabolites to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal well-being.

The gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites play a significant role in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health and diseases. The dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota poses a significant threat to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle well-being. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear.

Predictors of the onset of low handgrip strength in Europe: a longitudinal study of 42,183 older adults from 15 countries.

Objectives: A low handgrip strength (HGS) is a significant risk factor for multiple diseases. However, most relevant studies investigate the complications of a low HGS, while the risk potential of causative factors of low HGS remain poorly characterized.

Methods: We investigated the potentials of quality of life, depression, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, frailty, and difficulties performing daily activities in predicting low HGS (≤ 27 kg for men, ≤ 16 kg for women) in European older adults aged 50 or above from 15 countries (n = 42,183).

Metformin improves skeletal muscle and physical capacity by stabilizing neuromuscular junction in older adults.

Objectives: Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug with protective effects on skeletal muscle and physical capacity. However, the relevant mechanisms of action on skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. We investigated the potential contribution of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation to skeletal muscle and physical capacity in geriatric men taking metformin.

The emerging roles of necroptosis in skeletal muscle health and disease.

Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death with implications in various physiological and pathological processes in multiple tissues. However, the relevant findings from post-mitotic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, are scarce. This review summarizes the potential contributions of necroptosis to skeletal muscle health and diseases.

Predictors of hip fracture in 15 European countries: a longitudinal study of 48,533 geriatric adults using SHARE dataset.

Unlabelled: We investigated the risk factors for hip fracture in 48,533 European older adults for 8 years from 2013 onward. We identified female gender, age above 80, low handgrip strength, and depression as significant risk factors for hip fracture. Our findings may help identify high-risk populations for hip fractures in pre-clinical settings.

Tracking the Plasma C-Terminal Agrin Fragment as a Biomarker of Neuromuscular Decline in 18- to 87-Year-Old Men.

Objectives: Plasma C-terminal agrin-fragment-22 (CAF22), a breakdown product of neuromuscular junction, is a potential biomarker of muscle loss. However, its levels from adolescence to octogenarians are unknown.

Methods: We evaluated young (18-34 years, n = 203), middle-aged (35-59 years, n = 163), and old men (60-87 years, n = 143) for CAF22, handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal-mass index (ASMI), and gait speed.

A leaky gut contributes to postural imbalance in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Aims: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently exhibit an inability to maintain postural balance. However, the contribution of increased intestinal permeability or leaky gut to the postural imbalance in COPD is not known.

Methods: We measured plasma zonulin, a marker of leaky gut, with relevance to postural balance in male controls (n = 70) and patients with mild (n = 67), moderate (n = 66), and severe (n = 58) COPD.

Resistance Exercise Reduces Sarcopenia by Repairing Leaky Gut in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose: Sarcopenia or age-associated muscle loss is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously demonstrated the contribution of a leaky gut to sarcopenia in AD. Here, we asked whether resistant exercise (RE) reduces the sarcopenia phenotype by repairing intestinal leakage in patients with AD.

Retinal vascular changes and arterial stiffness during 8-month isolation and confinement: the SIRIUS-21 space analog mission.

Introduction: Isolation and confinement are significant stressors during space travel that can impact crewmembers' physical and mental health. Space travel has been shown to accelerate vascular aging and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. However, the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on microvascular function has not yet been thoroughly investigated.

The Association of Intestinal Leak with Sarcopenia and Physical Disability in Patients with Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Sarcopenia is related to disease severity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; however, its pathophysiology remains poorly known. We investigated the associations of biomarkers of intestinal leak with sarcopenia in various stages of CKD. We recruited 61-76-year-old male controls and patients with various stages of CKD (n = 36-57/group) for measuring plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and zonulin (markers of intestinal leak), handgrip strength (HGS), skeletal mass index (SMI), and gait speed (markers of sarcopenia), and short physical performance battery (SPPB; marker of physical capacity).

GSK-3α-BNIP3 axis promotes mitophagy in human cardiomyocytes under hypoxia.

Dysregulated autophagy/mitophagy is one of the major causes of cardiac injury in ischemic conditions. Glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha (GSK-3α) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases. However, the precise role of GSK-3α in cardiac mitophagy remains unknown.

Plasma levels of Neurofilament light chain correlate with handgrip strength and sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Age-associated muscle decline, termed sarcopenia, is a common systemic effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circulating Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels reflect neuronal degradation and may be relevant to sarcopenia phenotype. However, such an association in COPD patients remains elusive.

Probiotics Supplements Improve the Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Age-Related Muscle Decline.

A pathological increase in intestinal leak is implicated in age-associated muscle loss, termed sarcopenia, and reduced sarcopenia-related quality-of-life (SarQoL). However, the potential therapies remain elusive. We investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation on sarcopenia and SarQoL in geriatric older adults.

Metformin Improves Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Geriatric Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Metformin protects against age-related muscle decline, termed sarcopenia. However, the effects on sarcopenia quality-of-life (SarQoL) are unknown. We investigated the effects of metformin on SarQoL and associated mechanisms in older adults.

Lipid-Lowering Medications are Associated with Reduced Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Hyperlipidemia.

Purpose: Statins medications negatively affect age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. However, their association with the sarcopenia-related-quality-of-life (SarQoL) is unknown.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, case control study, we recruited male nonusers (n = 75 and age 75.

Biomarkers of Physical and Mental Health for Prediction of Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study from 15 European Countries.

Objectives: Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical for optimal treatment. However, the predictive potential of physical and mental health in PD is poorly characterized.

Methods: We evaluated the potential of multiple demographic, physical, and mental factors in predicting the future onset of PD in older adults aged 50 years or older from 15 European countries.

Association between handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in relation to gender and adiposity among middle aged and older Saudi populations.

Aim: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and handgrip strength (HGS) with respect to sex and adiposity in Saudi men ( = 287) and women ( = 268).

Material And Methods: Anthropometry, body composition, HGS, and blood biochemistry were measured. The average age of the study population was 57.

Pharmacological inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress mitigates osteoporosis in a mouse model of hindlimb suspension.

Hindlimb suspension (HLS) mice exhibit osteoporosis of the hindlimb bones and may be an excellent model to test pharmacological interventions. We investigated the effects of inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with 4-phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) on the morphology, physicochemical properties, and bone turnover markers of hindlimbs in HLS mice. We randomly divided 21 male C57BL/6J mice into three groups, ground-based controls, untreated HLS group and 4-PBA treated group (HLS+4PBA) (100mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 21 days.