Functional Classification of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament: An In Vivo Kinematic Study With Computer-Aided Design.

Background: It has been widely accepted that the anterior and posterior bundles of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) tighten at extension and flexion, respectively. However, this belief is based on anatomic data acquired from cadaveric studies. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) model technology has made possible the simulation of dynamic movement that includes each ligament bundle fiber to analyze its functional properties.

The different role of each head of the triceps brachii muscle in elbow extension.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the functional role of each head of the triceps brachii muscle, depending on the angle of shoulder elevation, and to compare each muscle force and activity by using a virtual biomechanical simulator and surface electromyography.

Methods: Ten healthy participants (8 males and 2 females) were included in this study. The mean age was 29.

Isometric Tunnel Placement in Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction with Single CT Scan.

Background: Isometric tunnel placement for anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction is mandatory for successful surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate a useful method for identifying isometric tunnel placement using a single computed tomography (CT) scan.

Study Design: Descriptive Laboratory Study.

The Effect of Split Nerve on Electromyography Signal Pattern in a Rat Model.

Background:  Recent developments of prosthetic arm are based on the use of electromyography (EMG) signals. To provide improvements, such as coordinated movement of multiple joints and greater control intuitiveness, higher variability of EMG signals is needed. By splitting a nerve lengthwise, connecting each half to new target muscles, and employing a program to assign each biosignal pattern to a specific movement, we hope to enrich the number of biosignal sites on amputees' stump.

Digital data acquisition of shoulder range of motion and arm motion smoothness using Kinect v2.

Background: Range of motion (ROM) is a clinically important parameter in evaluating joint function. However, dynamic evaluation to determine the quality of the arm motion using digitized measurement is often overlooked during clinical assessment. We evaluated the accuracy of Kinect v2 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) as a digital tool for measuring shoulder ROM objectively and proposed a concept of motion smoothness reflecting the quality of arm motion.

Reinnervated Split-Muscle Technique for Creating Additional Myoelectric Sites in an Animal Model.

Background: This study proposes a novel reinnervated split-muscle operation to create additional myoelectric sites as sources of command signals of myoelectric prostheses for enhanced dexterous hand-to-wrist motions. The aim of this study was to investigate the postprocedure electromyographic properties of the muscles as distinct myoelectric sites in a rat model.

Methods: The reinnervated split-muscle group (n = 6) had the gastrocnemius muscle separated along its longitudinal axis and nerves transferred to each new muscle (peroneal nerve to lateral muscle head and tibial to medial one); the non-split-muscle group (n = 6) only had nerve transfers with its muscle intact.