Toxicity of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus against Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae): Mortality, detoxifying enzymes, and morphological ultrastructure alterations in lice.

Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), which causes pediculosis capitis, remains a global health concern. Plant products are efficient alternative pediculicides for treating the human ectoparasite P. h.

Assessment of susceptible larvae in Indonesia to different insecticides through metabolic enzymes and the histopathological midgut.

Filariasis and virus diseases that are transmitted by are still a global health problem. Control of mosquito vectors with synthetic insecticides causes resistance to these mosquitoes to insecticides so that detection of susceptibility of the mosquito larval stage to insecticides is important for evaluating mosquito control programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of wild-caught larvae in Jakarta, Indonesia, following exposure to temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin; this was done by examining the detoxifying enzyme activities and histological damage to the larval midgut.

experiments of (: ) resistance to permethrin and 6-paradol in East Jakarta: Detoxification enzyme activity and electron microscopic changes in lice.

Background And Aim: , the human head louse, remains a global health problem. This study evaluated the resistance of head lice to permethrin and 6-paradol mediated by detoxification enzyme activity experiments and to describe physical changes in the lice using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials And Methods: The adult stages of were collected from patients exposed to 1% permethrin and three different concentrations of 6-paradol (0.