Clonal spread of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates in a tertiary hospital.

Aim: The aims of this study were to: (i) determine antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates, (ii) investigate the presence of different classes of integrons and genes responsible for sulphonamide resistance, (iii) assess the molecular epidemiology of the isolates by determining their clonal relatedness, and (iv) investigate the potential sources of infection by collecting environmental samples when necessary.

Methods: 99 isolates from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients were screened by PCR for , , genes, and integron-associated integrase genes: , , and . PFGE was used to determine the clonal relatedness of the isolates.

Molecular characterization of the multi-drug resistant Myroides odoratimimus isolates: a whole genome sequence-based study to confirm carbapenem resistance.

The bacteria belonging to the Myroides genus are opportunistic pathogens causing community or hospital-acquired infections that result in treatment failure due to antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, clonal relatedness, and the biofilm forming capacity of the 51 multi-drug resistant Myroides odoratimimus. All isolates were screened for bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla genes by using PCR amplification.

Molecular epidemiological investigation of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intensive care unit patients of six geographical regions of Turkey.

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumonia causes serious infections in hospitalized patients. In recent years, carbapenem-resistant infections increased in the world. The molecular epidemiological investigation of carbapenem-resistant K.

The effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on gut and meconium microbiome and relationship with fetal growth.

Objective: To investigate the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on maternal and newborn microbiomes and fetal growth.

Methods: Individuals who gained body weight in accordance with the recommendations during pregnancy and normal gestastional age are included in the study and were separated into two groups, normal ( = 20) and obese ( = 20), based on their body mass index (BMI) value of pre-pregnancy. Maternal stool samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and meconium samples collected at birth were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome analysis.

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Carbapenem-Heteroresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Isolates.

Carbapenem-heteroresistant isolates can be misclassified as susceptible by in vitro susceptibility tests, leading to treatment failure. The underlying mechanisms of heteroresistance, where the bacterial isolate harbors both resistant and susceptible subpopulations, are poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to clarify molecular mechanisms responsible for carbapenem heteroresistance.

The effect of gestational weight gain on serum total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational weight gain on total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), dietary antioxidant intake, and the gut microbiome. The study was carried out on 40 pregnant women divided as follows: a) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of 11.5-16.

Mycobiome in the Middle Ear Cavity with and Without Otitis Media with Effusion.

Objective: No data have yet been published revealing the composition and the diversity of fungal communities (mycobiome) in the human middle ear cavity. The presented study investigated the mycobiome in the middle ear cavities of individuals with healthy middle ears and patients with otitis media with effusion.

Methods: A total of 77 middle ear and four adenoid samples were collected from 47 individuals (35 children and 12 adults) in Group 1 and from 20 children in Group 2.

Respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear and middle ear with otitis media with effusion.

To investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in the middle ear cavity of the individuals with a healthy middle ear and the children with otitis media with effusion (OME). A total of 72 middle ear samples were collected from 25 children with OME (Group 1) and 47 individuals with no middle ear disease (Group 2). Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of 20 different respiratory viruses.

Microbiological investigation of samples collected from healthy middle ears during cochlear implant surgery.

This study aimed to investigate the bacteriome in microscopically healthy middle ear mucosa using Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. A total of 60 middle ear washing fluids of pediatric and adult were obtained from 47 patients (35 children and 12 adults). Both children and adults with normal middle ears harbored diverse bacteriome.

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Blood Culture Isolates from Three Hospitals in Turkey.

We aimed to investigate the clonal relationships, common sequence types, and carbapenemase genes in 177 non-repetitive blood culture isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected from patients at three university hospitals in Turkey in 2016. Molecular epidemiological characteristics of the isolates were examined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (Pasteur scheme-cpn60, fusA, gltA, pyrG, recA, rplB, and rpoB). Multiplex PCR was used to investigate the carbapenemase genes, including bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla.

A Healthcare-Associated Outbreak of Urinary Tract Infections Due to Myroides odoratimimus.

Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp.

Mutations Observed in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Their Effects in the Interaction of Virus with ACE-2 Receptor.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) classified in the Coronaviridae family infect a very large spectrum of vertebrate group. Seven CoVs that cause human disease consist of Alpha-CoVs, which are HCoV-229E, and NL63 and beta-CoVs, which are MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, positive-polarity, single-stranded RNA virus responsible for a new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

[The Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii Blood Isolates by MALDI-TOF MS, ARDRA and blaOXA-51-like Gene-Specific Real-Time PCR].

The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) complex consists of phenotypically very similar nosocomial species; A.baumannii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter seifertii and Acinetobacter djikshoorniae and one environmental species A.calcoaceticus.

Early Detection and Control of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreak in an Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Although Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens of healthcare associated infections, we had only sporadic cases in our intensive care unit (ICU) for years.

Aims: To investigate the sudden increase in the number of MRSA cases in ICU.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

A healthcare-associated outbreak of urinary tract infections due to Myroides odoratimimus.

Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. There were only a few outbreaks due to Myroides spp.

Optimization of isothermal amplification method for Mycobacteriumtuberculosisdetection and visualization method for fieldwork.

Background/aim: Tuberculosis is still one of the most contagious diseases around the world. Key factors of tuberculosis control are rapid diagnostic, efficient treatment, and prevention of contamination by surveillance and monitoring. However, culture is the gold standard method for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis; the results are several weeks to obtain.

Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Derivatives on Common Causative Microorganisms of the External Ear Canal and Chronic Middle Ear Infections.

Objective: Today, antibiotic resistance is increasing and evolving into an important health problem. Therefore, it is important to research on alternative therapies to antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of four garlic derivatives on microorganisms commonly isolated in ear infections.

Investigation of carbapenemase and mcr-1 genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major problem. We aimed to investigate carbapenemase-encoding genes and transferable mcr-1 genes among 57 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates from hospitalized patients.

Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by Phoenix (BD).

The bacteriome of otitis media with effusion: Does it originate from the adenoid?

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and the diversity of bacteriome in middle ear effusion (MEE) and adenoid specimens of pediatric patients having otitis media with effusion (OME).

Materials And Methods: Sample collection from children with OME followed by next generation sequencing. Seventeen adenoid and 43 middle ear effusion specimens from 25 children having OME were evaluated.

Molecular characterization of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates collected in the 2015-2016 season and comparison of HA mutations detected in Turkey since 2009.

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic virus causing the 2009 global outbreak moved into the post-pandemic period, but its variants continued to be the prevailing subtype in the 2015-2016 influenza season in Europe and Asia. To determine the molecular characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates circulating during the 2015-2016 season in Turkey, we identified mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) genes and investigated the presence of H275Y alteration in the neuraminidase genes in the randomly selected isolates. The comparison of the HA nucleotide sequences revealed a very high homology (>99.

Optimization and validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol for the diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Due to limitations in commercial diagnostic methods, this study aimed to develop a reliable real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) assay for early diagnosis of brucellosis. Optimization of the Rt-PCR method was performed on serum samples spiked by Brucella melitensis with different densities ranging from 10 to 10 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL; each density was prepared in ten samples. The limit of detection was investigated by using Thermo DNA extraction kit with Maxima SYBR Green Rt-PCR and two TaqMan probe-based Rt-PCR protocols performed by QuantiTect and TEMPase multiplex PCR master mixes in two thermal cyclers, which were Rotor-Gene and Bio-Rad.

A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections are considered as emerging nosocomial infections particularly in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, reliable detection of MDR strains is crucial for management of treatment but also for epidemiological data collections. The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial resistance and the clonal distribution of MDR clinical and environmental A.

Analysis of the effect of smoking on the buccal microbiome using next-generation sequencing technology.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on the buccal microbiome and to analyse the descriptive ability of each of the seven hypervariable regions in their 16S rRNA genes.

Methodology: Microbiome compositions of 40 buccal swab samples collected from smokers (n =20) and non-smokers (n =20) were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Seven different 16S rRNA hypervariable regions (V2, V3, V4, V6-7, V8 and V9) in each sample were amplified using the Ion Torrent 16S Metagenomics kit and were sequenced on the Ion S5 instrument.