Outcomes of pediatric extracranial germ cell tumors: A single center experience in a developing country.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of extracranial GCT in children in a developing country and to assess prognostic factors. The data on 141 children (<18 years old) with extracranial GCT, confirmed histopathologically, collected over the past 9 years (from February 2013 to June 2022) were retrospectively studied. The patients underwent the same therapy with platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens.

Long-term outcomes and immune profiling in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).

Background And Aim: Existing follow-up data after MIS-C is limited.

Purpose Of The Study: to investigate the long-term consequences in children who have undergone MIS-C.

Methods: The retrospective study included 93 children.

Application of microRNAs in the diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric germ cell tumors: Kazakh experience.

GCT is characterized by specific biochemical markers expression, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which are the main tools in the diagnosis and monitoring of GCT treatment. They are expressed in 15-20% of cases of seminoma and in 60-80% of cases of non-seminoma. MicroRNA profiling allows to identify a number of microRNAs that are superior to classical serum tumor markers in the diagnosis of primary tumors, as well as in subsequent monitoring and prediction of recurrence.

Genes of Predisposition to Childhood Beta-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Kazakh Population.

Background: Today, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most common malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. The genetic predisposition to ALL is not fully explored in various ethnic populations.

Objective: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the population frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants: immune regulation GATA3 (rs3824662); transcription and differentiation of B cells: ARID5B (rs7089424, rs10740055), IKZF1 (rs4132601); differentiation of hematopoietic cells: PIP4K2A (rs7088318); apoptosis: CEBPE (rs2239633), tumor suppressors: CDKN2A (rs3731249), TP53 (rs1042522); carcinogen metabolism: CBR3 (rs1056892), CYP1A1 (rs104894, rs4646903), according to genome-wide association studies analyses associated with the risk of developing pediatric beta-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL), in an ethnically homogeneous population of Kazakhs with studied populations.

Clinical and immunological features in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Background And Aim: MIS-C is characterized by intense immune activation and increased production of cytokines. The aim of our study was to analyse the changes of cellular and humoral immune responses in children with MIS-C, depending on the severity of the disease.

Methods: To conduct the study, the results of clinical, hematological and immunological parameters in children with severe and extremely severe MIS-C were compared.

Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Data in Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Background And Objectives: Data with more severe mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, compared with the original wild-type strain of COVID-19 disease, were reported worldwide. The study aims to describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to compare the severity of the disease depending on the time of the circulating variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Material And Methods: A retrospective, multicentre, nationwide study of 89 children with MIS-C who received inpatient treatment from August 1, 2020, to December 1, 2021.

Pediatric Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors: Expression of microRNA.

Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) may occur from the neonatal period to late adulthood, characterized by extensive clinical and pathologic heterogeneity. MicroRNAs are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate a wide array of biological processes including carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs may be used for many purposes in clinical diagnostics.

Current issues of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease surgical treatment in children.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) disease is one of the most common diseases amongst a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children of all ages, significantly impairing the quality of life of the child and posing a serious threat to the health of the patient. From 2008 to 2019, 134 patients aging from 6 months to 12 years were hospitalised at the Scientific Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery including 69 (51%) infants. Of them, 51 (38%) were the patients with persistent manifestations of regurgitation, despite an outpatient course of conservative therapy; 29 (22%) patients with recurrent reflux-associated pneumonia; also, 35 (26%) children with GER in the structure of the main pathology of the central nervous system, as well as 19 (14%) patients after surgery of the anastomosis of the oesophagus with its atresia.

Current issues of GERD surgical treatment in children.

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most common diseases among a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children of all ages, significantly impairing the quality of life of the child and posing a serious threat to the health of the patient.

Materials And Methods: From 2008 to 2019, 134 patients aging from 6 months to 12 years were hospitalized at the Scientific Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, including 69 (51%) infants. Of them, 51 (38%) were the patients with persistent manifestations of regurgitation, despite an outpatient course of conservative therapy; 29 (22%) patients with recurrent reflux-associated pneumonia; also, 35 (26%) children with gastroesophageal reflux in the structure of the main pathology of the central nervous system, as well as 19 (14%) patients after surgery of the anastomosis of the esophagus with its atresia.

COVID-19 in the paediatric population of Kazakhstan.

: To date, there have been no studies of COVID-19 infection in children in Central Asia, particularly the Republic of Kazakhstan. This report analyses the epidemiological data on COVID-19 infection in children in Kazakhstan.: The study included 650 paediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Respiratory Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents with Mucopolysaccharidosis Types I, II, IVA, and VI.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare genetic disease involving active storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Accumulation of GAGs in the connective tissues of airways leads to progressive pulmonary dysfunction. Studies conducted in Taiwan revealed mainly restrictive pulmonary dysfunction, whereas the same studies in Egypt and California revealed obstructive pulmonary dysfunction.