ENSO affects the North Atlantic Oscillation 1 year later.

We demonstrate a 1-year lagged extratropical response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observational analyses and climate models. The response maps onto the Arctic Oscillation and is strongest in the North Atlantic, where it resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Unexpectedly, these 1-year lagged teleconnections are at least as strong as the better-known simultaneous winter connections.

GeneWorker: An end-to-end robotic reinforcement learning approach with collaborative generator and worker networks.

Reinforcement learning aided by the skill conception exhibits potent capabilities in guiding autonomous agents toward acquiring meaningful behaviors. However, in the current landscape of reinforcement learning, a skill is often merely a rudimentary abstraction of a sequence of primitive actions, serving as a component of the input to policy networks with fixed network parameters. This rigid methodology presents obstacles when attempting to integrate with burgeoning techniques such as meta-learning and large language models.