Production of Xylanase by Species Growing on Olive Mill Pomace and Barley Bran in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor.

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that have tremendous applications in different sectors of life, but the high cost of their production has limited their use. One solution to reduce costs and enhance xylanase production is the use of agro-wastes as a substrate in fungal cultures. In this study, olive mill pomace (OMP) and barley bran (BB) were used as carbon sources and possible inducers of xylanase production by three species of (, , and ), one major xylanase producer.

Acute Exercise Promptly Normalizes Myocardial Myosin Heavy-Chain Isoform mRNA Composition in Diabetic Rats: Implications for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

The acute effects of exercise on the myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoform mRNA expression and the upstream transcription factors in diabetic and non-diabetic hearts remain unexplored. We aimed to determine the acute effect of a single exercise session on the expression of left ventricular MHC, MHC-α and MHC-β, and thyroid receptor (TR), TR-α1 and TR-β, isoform mRNA in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: non-diabetic control (CS), diabetic exercise (DIEX), sedentary diabetic (DIS), and non-diabetic exercise (CEX).

Heat shock proteins gene expression and physiological responses in durum wheat () under salt stress.

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress causing adverse effects on plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NaCl stress on growth, stress indicator parameters (lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and proline content), yield, and the expression of heat shock proteins genes (, , and ) of five Jordanian durum wheat () landraces. Plants were irrigated with tap water as control or 200 mM NaCl.

Assessment of nitrate and nitrite levels in treated wastewater, soil, and vegetable crops at the upper reach of Zarqa River in Jordan.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of treated wastewater irrigation on agricultural soils and vegetables along the upper reach of Zarqa River (Jordan). Multiple samples of reclaimed wastewater, soil pits from farms, and vegetables (spinach, parsley, cabbage cauliflower, radish, and onion) were collected and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and/or NO and NO contents. The average levels of NO and NO in treated wastewater samples varied from 167.

Integrating morphological characters, molecular markers, and distribution patterns to assess the identity of Blepharis species from Jordan.

Background: Blepharis constitutes an important part of the vegetation of the Jordanian arid and semi-arid regions, yet whether one or more species of this genus occurs in the Jordanian area is uncertain. We addressed this question by assessing morphological characters and testing Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers from three populations of Blepharis: two northern (lower slopes of Kufranjah valley and the Dead Sea region) and one southern (Wadi al Yutm).

Results: Shoots from randomly chosen Blepharis plants were harvested from each of the three populations for morphological and molecular analyses.

C photosynthesis and transition of Kranz anatomy in cotyledons and leaves of Tetraena simplex.

Premise Of The Study: Tetraena simplex is an independently evolved C species in the Zygophylloideae (Zygophyllaceae) and a characteristic forb of saline flats in hot and sandy desert habitats. During early ontogeny, the species had a morphological shift from planar cotyledons (dorsiventral symmetry) to terete, succulent leaves (radial symmetry). We tested whether this shift had a corresponding change in internal Kranz anatomy and tissue patterning.

Inhibitory Effect of Thymoquinone on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats.

This study addresses the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) against the development of experimentally-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats. Eighteen adult male rats were divided into three groups; the negative control group (n = 6) received vehicle, and two groups received subcutaneous testosterone injection (3 mg/kg). Animals receiving testosterone were randomized to untreated BPH group (n = 6) and BPH + TQ treated group (n = 6, 50 mg/kg orally for 14 days).

Significant involvement of PEP-CK in carbon assimilation of C4 eudicots.

Background And Aims: C4 eudicot species are classified into biochemical sub-types of C4 photosynthesis based on the principal decarboxylating enzyme. Two sub-types are known, NADP-malic enzyme (ME) and NAD-ME; however, evidence for the occurrence or involvement of the third sub-type (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PEP-CK) is emerging. In this study, the presence and activity of PEP-CK in C4 eudicot species of Trianthema and Zaleya (Sesuvioideae, Aizoaceae) is clarified through analysis of key anatomical features and C4 photosynthetic enzymes.

Characterization of C₃--C₄ intermediate species in the genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae): anatomy, ultrastructure and enzyme activity.

Photosynthetic pathway characteristics were studied in nine species of Heliotropium (sensu lato, including Euploca), using assessments of leaf anatomy and ultrastructure, activities of PEP carboxylase and C₄ acid decarboxylases, and immunolocalization of ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the P-subunit of glycine decarboxylase (GDC). Heliotropium europaeum, Heliotropium calcicola and Heliotropium tenellum are C₃ plants, while Heliotropium texanum and Heliotropium polyphyllum are C₄ species. Heliotropium procumbens and Heliotropium karwinskyi are functionally C₃, but exhibit 'proto-Kranz' anatomy where bundle sheath (BS) cells are enlarged and mitochondria primarily occur along the centripetal (inner) wall of the BS cells; GDC is present throughout the leaf.

Cleome, a genus closely related to Arabidopsis, contains species spanning a developmental progression from C(3) to C(4) photosynthesis.

C(4) photosynthesis involves alterations to leaf development, cell biology and biochemistry. Different lineages of C(4) plants use varying mechanisms to generate the C(4) pathway. Although the biochemistry of C(4) photosynthesis was described around 20 years ago, the phylogenetic distance between Arabidopsis and the traditional C(4) models has not facilitated the transfer of knowledge from Arabidopsis research to understanding C(4) systems.

Leaf anatomy, gas exchange and photosynthetic enzyme activity in Flaveria kochiana.

Flaveria (Asteraceae) is one of the few genera known to contain both C and C species, in addition to numerous biochemically-intermediate species. C-C and C-like intermediate photosynthesis have arisen more than once in different phylogenetic clades of Flaveria. Here, we characterise for the first time the photosynthetic pathway of the recently described species Flaveria kochiana B.

Diversity of Kranz anatomy and biochemistry in C4 eudicots.

C(4) photosynthesis and Kranz anatomy occur in 16 eudicot families, a striking example of convergent evolution. Biochemical subtyping for 13 previously undiagnosed C(4) eudicot species indicated that 10 were NADP-malic enzyme (ME) and three were NAD-ME. A total of 33 C(4) species, encompassing four Kranz anatomical types (atriplicoid, kochioid, salsoloid, and suaedioid), and 21 closely related C(3) species were included in a quantitative anatomical study in which we found that, unlike similar studies in grasses and sedges, anatomical type had no predictive value for the biochemical subtype.