Filed studies on some probiotics to minimize hazard effects of prevailing heavy metals contamination for improving immunity and growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus.

Aim: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of some types of probiotics to minimize the hazard effect of cadmium on Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and to determine the influence of probiotics on the growth performance and immune status of O. niloticus.