Publications by authors named "Riya Gupta"

Euglyceamic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) is an uncommon but serious diabetes mellitus complication associated with risk factors such as fasting, surgery, pregnancy and, more recently, the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). This case is of a woman with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in her 50s who underwent an incarcerated umbilical hernia repair and abdominoplasty. Two days after discharge, she was readmitted with nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, low-grade fever and breathing difficulty.

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Background: Microscopic colitis is a relatively new diagnosis that was first described in the 1980s. Patients usually present with chronic watery and non-bloody diarrhea and are typically characterized by an unremarkable gross appearance of the colon on lower endoscopy while having evidence of lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria and the epithelium on histology. Two subtypes have been described in the literature: Collagenous colitis, with marked thickening of the subepithelial layer, and Lymphocytic colitis.

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The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates cell fate during conditions of stress by leveraging the cell's capacity to endure sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity modulation has been shown to be successful in achieving both therapeutic efficacy and safety across various cancer models. However, the molecular mechanisms driving its selective antitumor effects remain unclear.

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Objectives: To construct a new scoring system utilizing biomarkers, vitals, and imaging data to predict 30-day mortality in acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Background: Acute PE, a well-known manifestation of venous thromboembolic disease, is responsible for over 100,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Contemporary management algorithms rely on a multidisciplinary approach to care via PE response teams (PERT) in the identification of low, intermediate, and high-risk patients.

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Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a rare but serious complication following aortic valve replacement using either a transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). This study aims to review the profiles and outcomes of PVE after surgical versus transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Electronic searches were performed on Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed to retrieve related articles.

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Article Synopsis
  • The report focuses on oral follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, particularly lesions found on the palate, reviewing case reports and series to gather key data.
  • A total of 32 cases were analyzed, primarily involving older female patients, with most lesions being small, varied in color, and associated with denture use in 32% of cases.
  • It concludes that these lesions are typically reactive rather than cancerous, but emphasizes the importance of monitoring for recurrence and potential malignant changes over a 5-year period.
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Hydrogen-bonding and carbon-bonding interactions are widespread in nature. We studied the cooperativity between these interactions in 42 trimeric complexes ZY···CHCN/CHNC···HX, where ZY molecules are HO, HS, HF, HCl, HBr, NH, and HCO, and HX molecules are HF, HCl, and HBr. Acetonitrile (CHCN) and isoacetonitrile (CHNC) act as hydrogen bond acceptors as well as carbon bond donors in these trimers.

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The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates cell fate during conditions of stress by leveraging the cell's capacity to endure sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity modulation has been shown to be successful in achieving both therapeutic efficacy and safety across various cancer models; however, the molecular mechanisms driving its selective antitumor effects remain unclear. Here, we show for the first time that ISR plasticity relies on PP2A activation to regulate drug response and dictate cellular fate under conditions of chronic stress.

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Background: The relationship between skin diseases and psychiatric illnesses is bi-directional and is manifested as cause and effect. Psychiatric disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression are seen to be instrumental in the development and progression of dermatological diseases on one hand, while on the other hand, cosmetic disfigurement caused by dermatological diseases is responsible for psychological distress in patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the spectrum of dermatological disorders in psychiatric patients to offer them holistic treatment and provide them with a better quality of life.

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Endodontic treatment is primarily a combination of chemical as well as mechanical preparation of canal space which helps in the placement of a biocompatible material. The main purpose of endodontic treatment is to eradicate microorganisms from the infected root canal system and prevent recontamination. The principle constituents of an endodontic filling are core material "Gutta Percha" and "Endodontic Sealers.

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Spinal surgical procedures are steadily increasing globally due to broad indications of certain techniques encompassing a wide spectrum of conditions, including degenerative spine disorders, congenital anomalies, spinal metastases, and traumatic spinal fractures. The two specialties, neurosurgery (NS) and orthopedic surgery (OS), both possess the clinical adeptness to perform these procedures. With the advancing focus on comparative effectiveness research, it is vital to compare patient outcomes in spine surgeries performed by orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons, given their distinct approaches and training backgrounds to guide hospital programs and physicians to consider surgeon specialty when making informed decisions.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable disease requiring a multidisciplinary treatment approach and a collaborative therapeutic effort. A combination of both upper and lower motor neuron degeneration ultimately leads to respiratory failure, similar to other dementia-type neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this paper is to pioneer current ALS research by carrying out a narrative literature review of the current treatment modalities of the disease.

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Introduction: Anesthesia often exacerbates memory recall difficulties in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: We used in vivo Ca imaging, viral-based circuit tracing, and chemogenetic approaches to investigate anesthesia-induced remote memory impairment in mouse models of presymptomatic AD.

Results: Our study identified pyramidal neuron hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a significant contributor to anesthesia-induced remote memory impairment.

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Background: Both diabetes mellitus and psychiatric morbidities are widely prevalent diseases which show a discerning upward trend globally. Coexistence of diabetes and psychiatric morbidities usually manifests as impaired quality of life and poor treatment adherence.

Objectives: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidities among rural diabetic patients and to determine their association with different variables.

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Background is a poisonous weed that has spread across the length and breadth of the Indian subcontinent. It is a common cause of dermatitis similar to other members of the family, such as ragweeds in the United States and chrysanthemums in Europe. Despite the common occurrence of the plant in the environment, the general population does not seem to be aware of its adverse effects.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the potential link between celiac disease (CD) and the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), acknowledging that previous literature mostly focused on CD's association with other cancers but had limited evidence for CRC.
  • Using a large database of electronic health records, researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis on a significant sample of patients diagnosed with CD, excluding those with inflammatory bowel disease.
  • The findings indicate that individuals with CD have a significantly higher odds ratio (10.18) for developing CRC, particularly among certain demographics and risk factors, highlighting the importance of monitoring CRC risk in CD patients beyond just small bowel concerns.
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Background and objective The global health burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) stems from its increasing incidence over the years. Comprehensive studies on the topic hypothesize that IBD plays a more dominant in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In light of this, we conducted this study with the aim of assessing the prevalence and risk factors of developing NASH in patients who have had a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

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High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and lethal ovarian cancer subtype. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have become the mainstay of HGSC-targeted therapy, given that these tumors are driven by a high degree of genomic instability (GI) and homologous recombination (HR) defects. Nonetheless, approximately 30% of patients initially respond to treatment, ultimately relapsing with resistant disease.

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We study two-dimensional Ising spins, evolving through reinforcement learning using their state, action, and reward. The state of a spin is defined by whether it is in the majority or minority with its nearest neighbors. The spin updates its state using an ε-greedy algorithm.

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The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are microsatellite stable (MSS) and resistant to immunotherapy. The current study explores the possibility of using oncolytic reovirus to sensitize MSS CRC to immune checkpoint inhibition. While reovirus reduced metabolic activity among cells, microarray/computational analysis revealed microsatellite status-oriented activation of immune-response pathways.

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  • - The survey aimed to assess rural women's knowledge and perceptions about climacteric in Jammu, highlighting a cultural silence on the topic, particularly in rural India.
  • - Conducted with 245 postmenopausal women, it found that while family and friends were primary information sources, many women (35.10%) had not discussed climacteric with anyone and rated their health poorly.
  • - Despite a generally positive perception of climacteric, the study emphasizes the need for awareness and counseling, advocating for the involvement of local health workers to educate women about menopause and related health issues.
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global health, highlighting the importance of physical therapy and chest rehabilitation in recovery efforts.
  • A review of randomized controlled trials identified eight studies with 420 patients, indicating the challenges in conducting a meta-analysis due to varying study methodologies.
  • Results showed that chest rehabilitation can enhance clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients, leading to shorter hospital stays and better overall quality of life.
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