Inflammation-induced loss of CFTR-expressing airway ionocytes in non-eosinophilic asthma.

Background And Objective: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease with subtype classification according to dominant airway infiltrates, including eosinophilic (Type 2 high), or non-eosinophilic asthma. Non-eosinophilic asthma is further divided into paucigranulocytic or neutrophilic asthma characterized by elevated neutrophils, and mixed Type 1 and Type 17 cytokines in the airways. Severe non-eosinophilic asthma has few effective treatments and many patients do not qualify for biologic therapies.

Adjuvant immunotherapy in high-risk muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Despite surgical resection, many patients with muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) experience recurrence. Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) following radical resection in patients with MIUC demonstrates disparate outcomes among phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our objective was to synthesize available data regarding the disease-free survival (DFS) benefit of adjuvant ICIs for patients with MIUC and evaluate the overall safety profile of ICIs in this setting.

Superstition in Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study to Assess the Association Between Surgery on Friday the 13th and Postoperative Outcomes.

Objective: We sought to examine whether the outcomes of patients who receive a surgical procedure on Friday the 13th differ from patients who receive surgery on flanking Fridays.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that increased anxiety from the provider or patient around the time of surgery can lead to worse outcomes. Superstitious patients often express significant concern and anxiety when undergoing a surgical procedure on Friday the 13th.

Contemporary morbidity and mortality of open versus robotic cystectomy for bladder cancer: An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) procedure targeted cystectomy database.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between surgical modality (RARC vs. ORC) and the risk of 30-day complications.

Materials And Methods: We utilized the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Cystectomy-Targeted database from 2019 to 2021.

Association Between Anesthesiologist Sex and Patients' Postoperative Outcomes: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine the association of anesthesiologist sex on postoperative outcomes.

Background: Differences in patient postoperative outcomes exist, depending on whether the primary surgeon is male or female, with better outcomes seen among patients treated by female surgeons. Whether the intraoperative anesthesiologist's sex is associated with differential postoperative patient outcomes is unknown.

Using Genetics to Inform Interventions Related to Sodium and Potassium in Hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a key risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events but remains difficult to treat in many individuals. Dietary interventions are an effective approach to lower blood pressure (BP) but are not equally effective across all individuals. BP is heritable, and genetics may be a useful tool to overcome treatment response heterogeneity.

Surgeon Sex and Health Care Costs for Patients Undergoing Common Surgical Procedures.

Importance: Prior research has shown differences in postoperative outcomes for patients treated by female and male surgeons. It is important to understand, from a health system and payer perspective, whether surgical health care costs differ according to the surgeon's sex.

Objective: To examine the association between surgeon sex and health care costs among patients undergoing surgery.

Postoperative Discharge Destination Impacts 30-Day Outcomes: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Multi-Specialty Surgical Cohort Analysis.

Surgical patients can be discharged to a variety of facilities which vary widely in intensity of care. Postoperative readmissions have been found to be more strongly associated with post-discharge events than pre-discharge complications, indicating the importance of discharge destination. We sought to evaluate the association between discharge destination and 30-day outcomes.

Comparative real-world survival outcomes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bladder-only vs. whole-pelvis concurrent chemoradiation.

Introduction: Elective pelvic nodal irradiation for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing trimodal therapy (TMT ) is controversial. In patients with node-negative (N0) MIBC, the benefit of elective whole-pelvis concurrent chemoradiation (WP-CCR) compared to bladder-only (BO )-CCR has not been demonstrated. Using real-world data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB ), we sought to compare the overall survival (OS ) between BO-CCR and WP-CCR for MIBC.

Integration of EpiSign, facial phenotyping, and likelihood ratio interpretation of clinical abnormalities in the re-classification of an ARID1B missense variant.

Heterozygous ARID1B variants result in Coffin-Siris syndrome. Features may include hypoplastic nails, slow growth, characteristic facial features, hypotonia, hypertrichosis, and sparse scalp hair. Most reported cases are due to ARID1B loss of function variants.

Surgeon Sex and Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Common Surgeries.

Importance: Sex- and gender-based differences in a surgeon's medical practice and communication may be factors in patients' perioperative outcomes. Patients treated by female surgeons have improved 30-day outcomes. However, whether these outcomes persist over longer follow-up has not been assessed.

Completeness and Mismatch of Patient-Important Outcomes After Trauma.

Unlabelled: To assess the completeness of the collection of patient-important outcomes and the mismatch between outcomes measured in research and patients' important issues after trauma.

Summary Background Data: To date, severe trauma has mainly been assessed using in-hospital mortality. Yet, with 80 to 90% survivors discharged from hospital, it is critical to assess the collection of patient important long-term outcomes of trauma.

The Bivalent Bromodomain Inhibitor MT-1 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth.

Bromodomains (BD) are epigenetic readers of histone acetylation involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of several genes including protooncogene cellular myelocytomatosis (c-Myc). c-Myc is difficult to target directly by agents due to its disordered alpha helical protein structure and predominant nuclear localization. The epigenetic targeting of c-Myc by BD inhibitors is an attractive therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer (PC) associated with increased c-Myc upregulation with advancing disease.

Glomerular hyperfiltration is an independent predictor of postoperative outcomes: A NSQIP multi-specialty surgical cohort analysis.

Aim: While high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has been associated with increased overall mortality, its effect on postoperative outcomes is relatively understudied. We sought to investigate the association between high eGFR and 30-day postoperative outcomes using a multi-specialty surgical cohort.

Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we selected adult for whom eGFR could be calculated using the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.

Urinary stone disease burden is increased in patients with cognitive impairment.

Mental illness and brain disorders such as dementia are commonly encountered in patients with cognitive impairment in urology. In this cohort study, we assessed the prevalence and outcomes of inpatient admissions for stone disease in patients with cognitive impairment. Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified adults (>18 years) with stone disease between 2015 and 2019.

Interleukin-6 blocking agents for treating COVID-19: a living systematic review.

Background: It has been reported that people with COVID-19 and pre-existing autoantibodies against type I interferons are likely to develop an inflammatory cytokine storm responsible for severe respiratory symptoms. Since interleukin 6 (IL-6) is one of the cytokines released during this inflammatory process, IL-6 blocking agents have been used for treating people with severe COVID-19.

Objectives: To update the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of IL-6 blocking agents compared to standard care alone or to a placebo for people with COVID-19.

The impact of socioeconomic status on the survival of men with early-onset prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is generally considered a disease of older men; however, about 10% of new diagnoses in the US occur in men ≤ 55 years old. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to influence survival in patients with PCa; however, the impact of SES on men with early-onset PCa remains undescribed. Using the National Cancer Database, we identified adult men ≤ 55 years of age with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma between 2004-2018.

Predictors of readmission and impact of same-day discharge in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Background: Holmium enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is becoming the gold standard for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our objective was to identify predictors of 30-day readmission and the impact of same-day discharge after HoLEP.

Methods: Using NSQIP data from 2011 to 2019, we identified men who underwent HoLEP for the treatment of BPH.

Impact of social disparities on 10 year survival rates in paediatric cancers: a cohort study.

Background: Studies reporting on the impact of social determinants of health on childhood cancer are limited. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between health disparities, as measured by the social deprivation index, and mortality in paediatric oncology patients using a population-based national database.

Methods: In this cohort study of children across all paediatric cancers, survival rates were determined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1975 to 2016.

Potential role for protein kinase D inhibitors in prostate cancer.

Protein kinase D (PrKD), a novel serine-threonine kinase, belongs to a family of calcium calmodulin kinases that consists of three isoforms: PrKD1, PrKD2, and PrKD3. The PrKD isoforms play a major role in pathologic processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and cancer progression. The charter member of the family, PrKD1, is the most extensively studied isoform.

Morbidity and mortality of multivisceral resection with radical nephrectomy for locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Introduction: Locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can rarely invade into adjacent abdominal viscera without clinical evidence of distant metastases. The role of multivisceral resection (MVR) of involved adjacent organs at the time of radical nephrectomy (RN) remains poorly described and quantified. Using a national database, we aimed to evaluate the association between RN+MVR and 30-day postoperative complications.