Long-Term Success of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in the Pediatric Population with Aqueductal Stenosis.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term success rate of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment of hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis in the pediatric population.

Methods: Between January 2007 and June 2023, a total of 82 children underwent ETV surgery for hydrocephalus and met the inclusion criteria for our study. The children's medical records were reviewed, and cases requiring additional surgery in the months and years following surgery for ventriculostomy failure were reviewed.

Intracranial leptomeningeal CNS ganglioneuroblastoma. First report and review of the literature.

Background: CNS ganglioneuroblastoma in an extremely rare embryonal tumour, specifically in the pediatric population. Bad prognosis is documented due to aggressiveness and absence of protocolized treatment at the moment.

Clinical Description: We present the case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with sudden loss of consciousness.

Endoscopy-Assisted Craniosynostosis Surgery without Postoperative Helmet Molding Therapy.

Objective: Endoscopy-assisted craniosynostosis surgery (EACS) yields excellent surgical outcomes by minimizing blood loss, operative time, and hospital stays. Postoperative helmet therapy (PHT), commonly employed for head shape correction, involves frequent adjustments, potential complications, and high costs. Given the rising cost of helmet therapy, reduced insurance coverage, and limited availability in low- and middle-income countries, understanding success rates without helmet use is crucial.

Presigmoid approach preserving the superior petrosal sinus in a pontine cavernous malformation associated to abnormal venous drainage of the brainstem: how I do it.

Background: The presigmoid approach classically includes the ligature and section of the superior petrosal sinus to get a wider visibility window to the antero-lateral brainstem surface. In some cases, the separation of this venous structure should not be performed.

Method: We present our experience getting safely to a pontine cavernous malformation through a conventional mastoidectomy presigmoid approach preserving an ingurgitated superior petrosal sinus because the association with an abnormal venous drainage of the brainstem.

Bilateral chiasm and optic nerve micro-decompression in a child with extensive cranial fibrous dysplasia: how I do it.

Background: Surgical decompression to the optic-chiasmatic region in craneofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) must be performed safely to improve or stabilize visual loss.

Method: We describe a technical nuance when facing on a huge, deformed skull with potentially imbricated dura mater. Craniectomy was performed in concentric arches allowing to expose surgical field and elevated step by step.

Posterolateral trans dentate approach to anterior extensive extramedullary tumor of the cervical spine in a pediatric case: how I do it.

Background: Extramedullary anterior cervical canal tumors can be challenging lesions to reach. The posterolateral trans dentate approach offers an alternative route.

Method: Classic posterior laminoplasty is done to expose the medulla; the dentate ligament is identified as a fibrous structure running from the lateral pial surface of the medulla to the lateral dura between nerve roots spaces.

Technical Nuances in Neuroendoscopic Lavage for Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: Twenty Tips and Pearls after More than One Hundred Procedures.

Introduction: Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants is a serious entity related to high mortality and morbidity. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) is a suitable alternative for the management of this pathology. However, as with every endoscopic technique, it requires some experience and several cases to master.

Diastematobulbia type II without associated dermoid tumor: case report.

Split cord malformation (SCM) is a term used for all double spinal cords. It represents 3.8%-5% of spinal dysraphisms.

Two-Stage Approach for Unstable Pediatric Craniocervical Junction Anomalies with a Halo Vest and Delayed Occipitocervical Fusion: Technical Note, Case Series, and Literature Review.

Objective: Malformations in the craniocervical junction (CCJ) are rare in the pediatric population but often need surgical treatment. We present a pediatric case series of patients treated with a 2-stage surgical approach with a halo vest and occipitocervical fusion and review complications and outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a single-center case series was performed.

Chest Implantation of Adjustable Gravitational Valves: An Easy, Safe, and Stable Alternative to Control Symptomatic Overdrainage in Shunted Children.

Objective: Shunt overdrainage is a potential complication in pediatric hydrocephalus. The addition of adjustable gravitational units to previous shunt systems has been proposed as effective management for this problem. These devices have been traditionally implanted over the occipital bone.

Cranial expansion and aqueductoplasty for combined isolated fourth ventricle and slit-ventricle syndrome: a surgical alternative.

Introduction: An isolated fourth ventricle (IFV) is a rare entity observed in shunted patients and its treatment is still uncertain. Endoscopic aqueductoplasty has shown good results for restoring CSF flux between the third and fourth ventricles. However, it needs some grade of ventricular dilation to be performed.

Correction to: Combined microsurgical fluorescence for optimizing resection in refractory empyema and cerebritis.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The corresponding author did not notice that one of the co-authors "Javier Márquez Márquez Rivas" was incorrectly presented. The correct name is "Javier Márquez Rivas".

Combined microsurgical fluorescence for optimizing resection in refractory empyema and cerebritis.

Purpose: Due to the generalization of new microsurgical equipment, intraoperative fluorescence techniques have extended in neurosurgical practice, mainly in neurovascular and neuro-oncology patients. The aim of identifying pathological tissue and also differentiating from the normal brain helps neurosurgeons to approach other kinds of intracranial entities such as infections.

Methods: It is described in the case of an 11-year-old patient who underwent a subdural empyema by performing a craniotomy and evacuation of the purulent collection.

Neuroendoscopic lavage for the management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants: safety, effectivity, and lessons learned.

Objective: Treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants is a matter of debate among pediatric neurosurgeons. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) has been proposed as a suitable technique for the management of this pathology. The authors present their experience with 46 patients treated with NEL after germinal matrix hemorrhage, describe their technique, and analyze the outcomes.

Endocrine manifestations of central nervous system germ cell tumors in children.

Introduction: Central nervous system germ cell tumors need to be adequately diagnosed because their treatment is usually effective and they do not always require surgery. The study objectives are to describe the endocrine manifestations of these tumors and to compare the time of their onset to that of the occurrence of neurological and visual changes.

Patients And Methods: The medical histories of patients under 14 years of age seen at a pediatric endocrinology unit between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed.

Fully Endoscopic Transforaminal-Transchoroidal Approach for Tectal Area Tumor Removal.

Background: The surgical approaches to lesions located in the tectal area have remained controversial. The essential functions in the surrounding areas and the difficulties in obtaining a good surgical view during tumor removal have made these procedures risky and challenging. Endoscopic transforaminal approaches have been previously described for biopsy and intraventricular tumor removal.

Microvascular Fluorescence in Spinal Cord Repair.

The release of the placode and reconstruction of the myelomeningocele, preserving the maximum neural tissue is a challenge for the neurosurgeon. Vascular fluorescence with indocyanine green and/or fluorescein allows observation of the microvascularization of the spinal cord and adequately identifies viable tissue.

Dynamic Chess-Table Cranial Expansion for Treatment of Craniocerebral Disproportion: Technical Note and Volumetric Results.

Objective: Craniocerebral disproportion (CCD) is a challenging disease, and several expansile procedures have been used for its treatment. This report describes the dynamic chess-table cranial expansion technique and reports on 9 patients with primary and secondary CCD treated with this procedure.

Methods: Nine patients affected by CCD were treated with chess-table cranial expansion and reviewed.

Long-term reliability of the telemetric Neurovent-P-tel sensor: in vivo case report.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements are imperative for the proper diagnosis and treatment of several neurological disorders. Telemetric sensors have shown their utility for ICP estimation in short-term monitoring in humans. However, their long-term reliability is uncertain.

Staged Management of Intracranial Masson Tumor: An Unexpected Gauntlet: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also known as Masson tumor, is a benign lesion consisting of a reactive proliferation of endothelial cells with papillary formations related to thrombi. It has been reported in many different anatomic areas. Gross total resection is the elected treatment.

How I do it. 3D endoscopic treatment of metopic craniosynostosis through a single incision.

Background: Endoscopic approaches for craniosynostosis are a growing field in pediatric neurosurgery. In metopic synostosis, previous reports for complete fronto-orbital remodeling have proposed an intervention with multiple incisions (bregmatic, tarsal, and preauricular) to open frontonasal and frontoethmoidal synostotic sutures, and orbital roof.

Methods: We propose a technique to complete all these osteotomies with a unique incision anterior to the bregmatic fontanel under 3D endoscopic vision, and review possible complications, limits, and pitfalls.

Cryptococcal Infection of the Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in an HIV-Infected Patient with an Excellent Immunovirologic Status.

Background: Cryptococcus spp. is a rare cause of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) infection, with a variable clinical presentation. Diagnosis and treatment of this entity are challenging.