Hydration and Performance in Young Triathletes During a Competition in Tropical Climate.

Purpose: We examined fluid intake, the relation between body mass (BM) loss and performance, and core temperature in young triathletes during a competition in tropical climate.

Methods: Fluid intake and pre and post BM were measured in 35 adolescent athletes, and core temperature was measured in one female and one male.

Results: Mean urine specific gravity (1.

Return-to-Competition Progression After Exertional Heat Stroke in an Adolescent Runner: A Case Report.

A 14-year-old runner indigenous to the tropics collapsed during his first 10-km race in a hot and humid climate. Dizziness, stumbling, and loss of consciousness were symptoms of exertional heat stroke. Two days postcollapse, blood tests revealed elevated hepatic transaminases consistent with hepatic injury.

Evidence for isokinetic and functional testing in return to sport decisions following ACL surgery.

The rupture and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee are associated with an increased risk of functional instability, a reduction in sports performance, and a higher risk of future additional injuries. Competitive athletes who participate in sports that require pivoting, cutting, and jumping are at particularly high risk for ACL rupture. The return to sport progression continuum after surgery includes sports-specific rehabilitation, evaluation of strength and function, gradual participation in exercise training with progressively challenging activities in the field of play, participation in sports at a lower level, and finally a return to preinjury-level sports competition.

Normative Data for Sweat Rate and Whole-Body Sodium Concentration in Athletes Indigenous to Tropical Climate.

This study determined normative data for sweat rate (SR) and whole-body (WB) sweat sodium concentration [Na+] in athletes indigenous to a tropical climate, categorized by age, gender, and sport classification. We analyzed data from 556 athletes (386 adult and 170 young) in endurance (END), team/ball (TBA), and combat (COM) sports exercising in tropical environments (wet bulb globe temperature = 29.4 ± 2.

Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training.

Physical activity and fitness are associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, and diabetes. This review discusses the body's response to an acute bout of exercise and long-term physiological adaptations to exercise training with an emphasis on endurance exercise. An overview is provided of skeletal muscle actions, muscle fiber types, and the major metabolic pathways involved in energy production.

Hydration status in adolescent judo athletes before and after training in the heat.

Unlabelled: Adolescent judo athletes who train in tropical climates may be in a persistent state of dehydration because they frequently restrict fluids during daily training sessions to maintain or reduce their body weight and are not given enough opportunities to drink.

Purpose: Determine the body hydration status of adolescent judo athletes before, immediately after, and 24 h after (24H) a training session and document sweat Na+ loss and symptoms of dehydration.

Methods: Body mass and urine color and specific gravity (USG) were measured before, after, and 24 h after a training session in a high-heat-stress environment (29.

Self-reported physical activity in Hispanic adults living with HIV: comparison with accelerometer and pedometer.

Limited information is available regarding physical activity (PA) and its assessment in Hispanics living with HIV. This study compared self-reported PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) with objectively measured PA using the ActiGraph accelerometer and DigiWalker pedometer in 58 Hispanic adults with HIV. IPAQ was administered before and after a 7-day period in which subjects wore the ActiGraph and DigiWalker.

Voluntary drinking and hydration in trained, heat-acclimatized girls exercising in a hot and humid climate.

This study examined the effects of beverage composition on the voluntary drinking pattern, body fluid balance and body temperature responses of heat-acclimatized trained girls exercising intermittently in outdoor conditions (WBGT = 30.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C).

Voluntary drinking and hydration in non-acclimatized girls exercising in the heat.

The intent of this study was to assess the influence of drink flavor and composition on voluntary drinking and hydration status in girls exercising intermittently in the heat (35 +/- 1 degrees C, 45-50% relative humidity). Twelve physically active, nonacclimatized girls (9-12 years) performed three 3 h identical sessions, each consisting of four 20 min cycling bouts at 50% (VO(2max)), separated by 25 min of rest. One of the three beverages (chilled to 8-10 degrees C) was assigned to each session: unflavored water (W), grape-flavored water (FW) and grape-flavored water plus 6% carbohydrate and 18 mmol l(-1) NaCl (CNa).

Exercise tolerance in a hot and humid climate in heat-acclimatized girls and women.

This study compared physiological responses associated with exercise tolerance in girls (G) and women (W) of similar fitness and heat acclimatization level during exercise in a hot and humid outdoor environment (33.4 degrees C and 55.1 % RH; WBGT = 29.

Anaerobic power and achievement of VO2 plateau in pre-pubertal boys.

A low anaerobic power has been proposed as a factor that may be limiting the achievement of a plateau in VO2 of children who perform maximal aerobic power tests. This study examined the frequency of plateau achievement in pre-pubertal children and compared VO2max, peak (PP) and mean (MP) anaerobic power in subjects who either achieved a plateau (PLAT) or did not (NO PLAT). Eighteen healthy pre-pubertal (Tanner Stage, pubic hair = 1) males (age = 9.

Drink composition, voluntary drinking, and fluid balance in exercising, trained, heat-acclimatized boys.

This study examined the effects of beverage composition on the voluntary drinking pattern, body fluid balance, and thermoregulation of heat-acclimatized trained boys exercising intermittently in outdoor conditions (wet bulb globe temperature 30.4 +/- 1.0 degreesC).

Dietary and performance assessment of elite soccer players during a period of intense training.

This study examined the nutritional and performance status of elite soccer players during intense training. Eight male players (age 17+/-2 years) of the Puerto Rican Olympic Team recorded daily activities and food intake over 12 days. Daily energy expenditure was 3,833+/-571 (SD) kcal, and energy intake was 3,952+/-1,071 kcal, of which 53.

Effects of hyperhydration on total body water, temperature regulation and performance of elite young soccer players in a warm climate.

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of increased fluid intake on temperature regulation and performance in elite soccer players. Eight players of the Puerto Rico National Team were studied under field conditions at a Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) heat stress index of 25.3 +/- 0.

Effect of drink pattern and solar radiation on thermoregulation and fluid balance during exercise in chronically heat acclimatized children.

The purposes of this study were to examine the thermoregulatory and body fluid balance responses in chronically heat acclimatized children, i.e., indigenous to a tropical climate, during exercise in four outdoor conditions and the effects of dehydration on their thermoregulatory response.

[Anthropometric and physiologic profile of Puerto Rican athletes: female softball].

This study was conducted to describe and compare various anthropometric, body composition, cardiorespiratory, metabolic and neuromuscular characteristics of 12 female athletes, members of the Puerto Rico national softball team. The subjects were divided into three categories according to their game specific requirements (game position): infielders (n = 5), outfielders (n = 4), and pitchers (n = 3). The mean and standard deviations of all the variables in each group was calculated.

[Morbidity during the XVI Central American and Caribbean Games: Puerto Rican delegation, Mexico 1990].

The health services offered to the Puerto Rican Delegation during the XVI Central American and Caribbean Sports Games in México in 1990 included: medical, dental and psychological assistance, physical therapy and services on the playing field. From the consultation sheets completed during the Games we obtained information about the use of these services. The 336 members of the Puerto Rico Delegation in the village at México City had 1,838 encounters with the health team.

[Morphofunctional profile of Puerto Rican gymnasts].

This study described the body composition, somatotype, physiological maturity, flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance of 30 gymnasts (feminine; n = 12 and masculine; n = 18) pre selected for the puertorican national team and compared the results with those reported in the literature. There were significant differences between the sexes in body fat, lean body mass, ISA, CMB, AMB, endomorphy, mesomorphy, sum of skinfolds, flexibility and VO2max (L.min-1), (p less than .

[Female physiology during exercise].

Physiological responses and adaptations of women to exercise are influenced by her genetically determined morphological and functional characteristics, and by her level of physical fitness. Physiological responses of women during submaximal and maximal exercise differ quantitatively from those of men but adaptations to training are qualitatively similar in both. Studies demonstrate that differences between the sexes in performance of athletic events that require high aerobic or anaerobic capacity are due, to a large extent, to differences in body structure and composition: the average woman is smaller and lighter and has less muscle mass than the average man.