Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2.

In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl(-))-permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)]i). Lowering [Cl(-)]i enhances inhibition, whereas raising [Cl(-)]i facilitates neuronal activity. A neuron's basal level of [Cl(-)]i, as well as its Cl(-) extrusion capacity, is critically dependent on the activity of the electroneutral K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2, a member of the SLC12 cation-Cl(-) cotransporter (CCC) family.

[Lymphatic extension and lymphangiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer].

Lymph node metastasis is a major adverse prognostic factor of malignant tumors, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However the characterization of tumor associated lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenic mediators in NSCLC are recent and their prognostic role is debated. Lymphatic vascular invasion (LVI) appears like a robust adverse prognostic factor when reported in NSCLC.

[Lymphatic spread of lung cancer: anatomical lymph node chains unchained in zones].

Lung cancer is characterized by its lymphophilia. Its metastatic spread mainly occurs by tumor cells lymphatic drainage into the blood circulation. Initially, the lymph node TNM classification was based on clinical and therapeutic considerations, particularly concerning N2 involvement.

[Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumor: evolution, related prognostic factors and lymphadenectomy indications].

The bronchopulmonary typical carcinoid tumors are often considered as non-metastatic neoplasia. The appearance of metastases is observed in 10% of the cases. We detail here studies based on the identification of the risk factors of metastases occurrence to adapt the lung surgery and lymph node dissection to the individual patient risk.

Exercise enhances memory consolidation in the aging brain.

Exercise has been shown to reduce age-related losses in cognitive function including learning and memory, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. Memory formation occurs in stages that include an initial acquisition phase, an intermediate labile phase, and then a process of consolidation which leads to long-term memory formation. An effective way to examine the mechanism by which exercise improves memory is to introduce the intervention (exercise), post-acquisition, making it possible to selectively examine memory storage and consolidation.

The impact of hospital and surgeon volume on the 30-day mortality of lung cancer surgery: A nation-based reappraisal.

Objective: Our objective was to analyze the time trend variation of 30-day mortality after lung cancer surgery, and to quantify the impact of surgeon and hospital volumes over a 5-year period in France.

Methods: We used Epithor, the French national thoracic database and benchmark tool, which catalogues more than 180,000 procedures of 89 private and public hospitals in France. From January 2005 to December 2010, 19,556 patients who underwent major lung resection (lobectomy, bilobectomy, pneumonectomy) were included in our study.

Integrating climate change adaptation into disaster risk reduction in urban contexts: perceptions and practice.

This paper analyses the perceptions of disaster risk reduction (DRR) practitioners concerning the on-going integration of climate change adaptation (CCA) into their practices in urban contexts in Nicaragua. Understanding their perceptions is important as this will provide information on how this integration can be improved. Exploring the perceptions of practitioners in Nicaragua is important as the country has a long history of disasters, and practitioners have been developing the current DRR planning framework for more than a decade.

The investigational agent MLN2238 induces apoptosis and is cytotoxic to CLL cells in vitro, as a single agent and in combination with other drugs.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common haematological malignancy in the U.S. The course of the disease has been shown to be negatively impacted by increased levels of BCL2.

The association between brain injury, perioperative anesthetic exposure, and 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are observed in up to 50% of infants after complex cardiac surgery. We sought to determine the association of perioperative anesthetic exposure with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 12 months in neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery and to determine the effect of brain injury determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery who had preoperative and 7-day postoperative brain MRI and 12-month neurodevelopmental testing with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III).

Is the rate of pneumonectomy higher in right middle lobe lung cancer than in other right-sided locations?

Background: Historically, right middle lobe (RML) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been reported to be associated with a higher rate of pneumonectomy than other right-sided locations. Because this would discourage minimally invasive approaches in RML-NSCLC, we sought to update this assertion through the study of a large surgical series.

Methods: Clinical records of patients who underwent operations for right-sided NSCLC in 2 French surgical centers were prospectively entered and retrospectively reviewed.

Current readings: the most influential and recent studies regarding resection of lung cancer in m1a disease.

M1A disease is a recent concept appearing in the 7th TNM classification of lung cancer. M1A encompasses two different entities, malignant pleural or pericardial effusions and separate tumor nodules in the contralateral lung, who constitute very different diseases, with very different management and prognoses. On one hand, patients with pleural dissemination have extremely poor survival, with median and 5-year survivals of 4 months and 3.

Platelet-rich plasma, plasma rich in growth factors and simvastatin in the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone.

Platelet preparations promote bone regeneration by inducing cell migration, proliferation and differentiation in the area of the injury, which are essential processes for regeneration. In addition, several studies have indicated that simvastatin (SIMV), widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, stimulates osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with either platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in combination with SIMV in the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone.

AT-101 downregulates BCL2 and MCL1 and potentiates the cytotoxic effects of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in preclinical models of multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia.

Multiple myeloma, the second most common haematological malignancy in the U.S., is currently incurable.

The endotoxin/toll-like receptor-4 axis mediates gut microvascular dysfunction associated with post-prandial lipidemia.

Background: Postprandial lipidemia is important in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Consumption of a meal high in monounsaturated fat was correlated with acute impairment of endothelial function. However, the mechanisms underlying impaired endothelial function in the postprandial state have not yet been elucidated.

Reorientation-induced spectral diffusion in vibrational sum-frequency-generation spectroscopy.

There is a growing appreciation that dynamic processes play an important role in determining the line shape in surface-selective, nonlinear spectroscopies such as vibrational sum-frequency-generation (VSFG). Here we analyze the influence that reorientation can have on VSFG spectra when the vibrational transition frequency is a function of orientation. Under these circumstances, reorientation-induced spectral diffusion (RISD) causes the underlying spectral line shape to become time dependent.

Mapping human epigenomes.

As the second dimension to the genome, the epigenome contains key information specific to every type of cells. Thousands of human epigenome maps have been produced in recent years thanks to rapid development of high throughput epigenome mapping technologies. In this review, we discuss the current epigenome mapping toolkit and utilities of epigenome maps.

Exfoliative cytology of oral epithelial cells from patients with type 2 diabetes: cytomorphometric analysis.

This research objective is to identify cytomorphometrical changes using exfoliative cytology (EC) and later Papanicolaou (Pap) staining, for oral epithelial cells of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) (n = 30), while being compared to patients without the disease (n = 30). Additionally, we investigated an association between cellular changes and salivary flow levels; relationship that until now has not been reported. Results show that the cell diameter and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was significantly higher compared to those patients without the disease (p ≤ 0.

[Hospital undertaking of patients with a resection of lung cancer].

Introduction: The aim of the study is to describe the hospital management of patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer in France.

Methods: Data from patients who underwent resection for "malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung" in 2008 were analyzed from French PMSI database. Hospitalizations, chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions were analyzed one year before and after the procedure.

Persistence of acetonitrile bilayers at the interface of acetonitrile/water mixtures with silica.

Previous experiments and simulations have shown that acetonitrile organizes into a lipid-like bilayer at the liquid/silica interface. Recent simulations have further suggested that this bilayer structure persists in mixtures of acetonitrile with water, even at low acetonitrile concentrations. This behavior is indicative of microscopic phase separation of these liquids near silica interfaces and may have important ramifications for the use of acetonitrile in chromatography and heterogeneous catalysis.

A Compilation of Metals and Trace Elements Extracted from Materials Relevant to Pharmaceutical Applications such as Packaging Systems and Devices.

Unlabelled: Nearly 100 individual test articles, representative of materials used in pharmaceutical applications such as packaging and devices, were extracted under exaggerated conditions and the levels of 32 metals and trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr) were measured in the extracts. The extracting solvents included aqueous mixtures at low and high pH and an organic solvent mixture (40/60 ethanol water). The sealed vessel extractions were performed by placing an appropriate portion of the test articles and an appropriate volume of extracting solution in inert extraction vessels and exposing the extraction units (and associated extraction blanks) to defined conditions of temperature and duration.

Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea infusion as physiological stress decreaser.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea infusion on the severity of physiological chronic stress induced by movement restriction in CF-1 mice. 40 CF-1 male mice, six weeks of age, were divided into 4 groups (n = 10 for each group): (1) Group RS/MP received two treatments, induced stress through movement restriction and a infusion of Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea in a dose of 200 mg/kg, (2) RS group with induced stress using movement restriction, (3) MP group, which received only a infusion, and (4) a CONTROL group that received no treatment. The severity of the stress was obtained by analysis of the physical parameters of body weight, thymus and spleen, and associated biomarkers with stress, corticosterone, and glucose.

Photocrosslinked nanocomposite hydrogels from PEG and silica nanospheres: structural, mechanical and cell adhesion characteristics.

Photopolymerized hydrogels are extensively investigated for various tissue engineering applications, primarily due to their ability to form hydrogels in a minimally invasive manner. Although photocrosslinkable hydrogels provide necessary biological and chemical characteristics to mimic cellular microenvironments, they often lack sufficient mechanical properties. Recently, nanocomposite approaches have demonstrated potential to overcome these deficits by reinforcing the hydrogel network with.

Fecal immunochemical test accuracy in familial risk colorectal cancer screening.

There is little information on fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in familial risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Our study assesses FIT accuracy, number needed to scope (NNS) and cost to detect a CRC and an advanced neoplasia (AN) in this setting. We performed a multicentric, prospective, double-blind study of diagnostic tests on individuals with first-degree relatives (FDRs) with CRC submitted to screening colonoscopy.