Evaluation of antioxidant potencial of novel CaAl and NiAl layered double hydroxides loaded with olanzapine.

Olanzapine (OLZ), is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, diseases that present oxidative stress in their physiopathology. It has low aqueous solubility, which may lead to low oral bioavailability. The search of new drug delivery systems (DDSs) that may increase dissolution rate of OLZ, associated with the investigation of the antioxidant potential of the loaded-systems become of major importance to understand improvement in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia therapy.

Effects of isopentyl ferulate on oxidative stress biomarkers and a possible GABAergic anxiolytic-like trait in Swiss mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effect and the possible neuronal mechanism of action of isopentyl ferulate (IF). For this purpose, we used the marble burying test in Swiss albino mice. The biomarkers involved in oxidative stress were measured in the hippocampus homogenate of the test animals.

Physio-pharmacological Investigations About the Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Efficacy of (+)-Limonene Epoxide.

D-limonene epoxidation generates (+)-limonene epoxide, an understudied compound in the pharmacologically point of view. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentialities of (+)-limonene epoxide and suggested a mechanism of action. The anti-inflammatory potential was analyzed using agents to induce paw edema, permeability, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.

Antidepressant-like activity of liposomal formulation containing nimodipine treatment in the tail suspension test, forced swim test and MAOB activity in mice.

Previous studies have shown that intracellular calcium ion dysfunction may be an etiological factor in affective illness. Nimodipine (NMD) is a Ca(2+) channel blocker that has been extensively investigated for therapy of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this work, we have evaluated the antidepressant-like activity of nimodipine encapsulated into liposomes (NMD-Lipo) in mice through tail suspension and forced swim assays, as well as MAOB activity.

Pre-clinical toxicology of garcinielliptone FC, a tautomeric pair of polyprenylated benzophenone, isolated from Platonia insignis Mart seeds.

Background: Garcinielliptone FC (GFC) is a tautomeric pair of polyprenylated benzophenone, which has proven to have antiepileptic, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, hematological and pathological effects of the acute toxicity study as well as to assess the locomotor activity and motor coordination in mice treated with GFC.

Methods: Swiss mice of both sexes weighing 25-30 g divided into three separate groups of five animals matched by weight and size.

Serum Oxidative Stress Markers and Genotoxic Profile Induced by Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative parameters of erythrocytes and genotoxicity in leukocytes of patients with breast cancer. Oxidative parameters were detected by spectrophotometry and genotoxic damage by single cell gel electrophoresis. Twenty-eight women with breast cancer were monitored before chemotherapy and after the second and fourth cycles of therapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin.

Diminazene aceturate--An antiparasitic drug of antiquity: Advances in pharmacology & therapeutics.

Diminazene aceturate (C14H15N7.2C4H7NO3) is an aromatic diamidine that was developed more than six decades ago and has been marketed until today for the control of trypanosomiasis. In recent years, however, this trypanocidal compound has been extensively studied with respect to its therapeutic potential and has consequently attracted much interest for the development of further research.

Counteracting effects on free radicals and histological alterations induced by a fraction with casearins.

Casearia sylvestris Swartz is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Brazil. It has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antitumor activities and is popularly used to treat snakebites, wounds, diarrhea, flu and chest colds. Its leaves are rich in oxygenated tricyclic cis-clerodane diterpenes, particulary casearins.

Phytol in a pharma-medico-stance.

This study aims to review phytol (PYT), through published articles, periodicals, magazines and patents, which were retrieved from the PM, SD, WS, SP; DII, WIPO, CIPO, USPTO and INPI databases. Among the 149 articles and 62 patents, 27.52% articles and 87.

HFE gene mutation and oxidative damage biomarkers in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and its relation to transfusional iron overload: an observational cross-sectional study.

Objective: A relation between transfusional IOL (iron overload), HFE status and oxidative damage was evaluated.

Design, Setting And Participants: An observational cross-sectional study involving 87 healthy individuals and 78 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with and without IOL, seen at University Hospital of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, between May 2010 and September 2011.

Methods: IOL was defined using repeated measures of serum ferritin ≥1000 ng/mL.

The role of flavonoids on oxidative stress in epilepsy.

Backgrounds: Oxidative stress can result from excessive free-radical production and it is likely implicated as a possible mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of epileptogenesis. Flavonoids can protect the brain from oxidative stress. In the central nervous system (CNS) several flavonoids bind to the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA-receptor resulting in anticonvulsive effects.

In vivo evaluation of anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of phenobarbital microemulsion for transdermal administration in pilocarpine seizure rat model.

This study aimed to evaluate a microemulsion system (ME) containing phenobarbital in epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine in rats and to oxidative stress and histologic lesions in hippocampus. The microemulsion was applied to the shaved back of Wistar rats. The animals were divided into the following groups: control group (P400); ME50 40mg/kg, topically-t.

Neuropharmacological effects of carvacryl acetate on δ-aminolevulinic dehydratase, Na+, K+-ATPase activities and amino acids levels in mice hippocampus after seizures.

Epileptic syndromes are highly prevalent neurological conditions and can often be disabling. In order to find an alternative for treatment, this study evaluated anticonvulsant effects of carvacryl acetate (CA), a derivative of monoterpene carvacrol, after seizures induced by pilocarpine (P400), picrotoxin (PIC) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). We also analyzed the CA effects on Na+, K+-ATPase and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activities in hippocampus mice after seizures induced by P400, PIC or PTZ.

Behavioral tests and oxidative stress evaluation in mitochondria isolated from the brain and liver of mice treated with riparin A.

Aims: This study aimed at evaluating the oxidative stress in mitochondria isolated from the brain and liver of mice treated with riparin A, as well as the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effect of this compound. Behavioral models of rota rod and open field tests were used for locomotor activity and myorelaxant effect evaluation.

Main Methods: The animals were divided into five groups (n=8), which were treated with: diazepam (1mg/kg, i.

Evaluation of p-cymene, a natural antioxidant.

Context: Several studies have demonstrated that essential oils and their major components have antioxidant activity. p-Cymene is a monoterpene and a major constituent of essential oils of various species of plants.

Objective: This paper evaluated the antioxidant potential of p-cymene in the hippocampus of mice by determining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitrite content, and activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Spectroscopic studies on the in vitro antioxidant capacity of isopentyl ferulate.

Essential oils have played a prominent role in research on natural products, due to the high level of bioactive constituents, which include those derived from phenylpropanoids or terpenoids. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of isopentyl ferulate (IF) employing in vitro experimental models for elimination of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+), hydroxyl (OH) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as its capacity to electron transfer by reducing potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. In all in vitro antioxidants protocols, isopentyl ferulate showed to be potent in a concentration of 54.

Acute toxicity and anticonvulsant activity of liposomes containing nimodipine on pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice.

Nimodipine has been shown to have an inhibitory action on seizures and brain damage in rodents. However, the pharmaceutical applicability of this drug is limited by its low solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and high first-pass effect in the liver, which leads to low bioavailability. These difficulties can be overcome through the use of liposomes.

Anxiolytic-like effects and mechanism of (-)-myrtenol: a monoterpene alcohol.

The essential oil of Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) and its compounds have been popularly used in numerous health disorders, including insomnia and nervous conditions, but their effects on central nervous system (CNS) have not been explored yet. We evaluated the anxiolytic-like effects and possible action mechanism of (-)-myrtenol (MYR), a monoterpenoid alcohol present in essential oil of M.

Anticonvulsant effects of acute treatment with cyane-carvone at repeated oral doses in epilepsy models.

Epilepsy affects about 40 million people worldwide. Many drugs block seizures, but have little effect in preventing or curing this disease. So the search for new drugs for epilepsy treatment using animal models prior to testing in humans is important.

Is there a correlation between in vitro antioxidant potential and in vivo effect of carvacryl acetate against oxidative stress in mice hippocampus?

This study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of carvacryl acetate (CA), a derivative of carvacrol, monoterpenic component of oregano. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo CA effects was also determined. In vitro tests measured thiobarbituric acid reactive species content, nitrite formation and hydroxyl radical levels.

Cyane-carvone, a synthetic derivative of carvone, inhibits inflammatory response by reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress and shows antinociceptive effect in mice.

Cyane-carvone (CC) was studied to elucidate its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects in Mus musculus. Anti-inflammatory (bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2, serotonin, and carrageenan) and antinociceptive (acetic acid and formalin) models were utilized. Myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated.

Potential antioxidant and anxiolytic effects of (+)-limonene epoxide in mice after marble-burying test.

The present study evaluated anxiolytic activity of (+)-limonene epoxide (EL), through the marble burying test (MBT) assay, and the antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo in mice hippocampus of adult mice subjected to experimental anxiety protocol. For behavioral studies, and in vivo antioxidant analyses, mice were treated orally with 0.05% Tween 80 dissolved in 0.

Phytol a Natural Diterpenoid with Pharmacological Applications on Central Nervous System: A Review.

Phytol (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol), a diterpene member of long and ramified chain of unsaturated acyclic alcohols. The objective of study was to conduct a systematic review of this diterpene and its pharmaceutical applications in Nervous System diseases in humans and/or rodents. Periodicals bases, such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, were used, as well as technological basis of European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Derwent Innovations Index(®), Latin American Bank of Patents and data base of Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI-National Institute of Industrial Property).

Anxiolytic-like effects of phytol: possible involvement of GABAergic transmission.

Phytol, a branched chain unsaturated alcohol, is particularly interesting because it is an isolated compound from essential oils of different medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects of phytol in animal models to clarify their possible action mechanism. After acute intraperitoneal treatment with phytol at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg behavioral models of open-field, elevated-plus-maze, rota-rod, light-dark, marble-burying and pentobarbital sleeping time tests were utilized.

Development and evaluation of liposomal formulation containing nimodipine on anxiolytic activity in mice.

Nimodipine has been investigated in the treatment of anxiety. Its administration, however, presents a number of limitations, particularly by low bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and photosensitivity. These difficulties can be resolved by the use of nanometer-scale pharmaceutical carriers.